Title:Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Author(s): Maikel Kamel*, Fahad Hussain, Christian Leung, Awais Paracha, Pranav Sathe, Ajay Jassal, Mahalia Huba, Umar Durrani, Nadim Ammari, Robert S. Copeland-Halperin and Nagashree Seetharamu
Affiliation:
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
Keywords:
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), malignancy, lung cancer, hypercoagulable state, anticoagulation, valvular vegetations.
Abstract:
Introduction: Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition
characterized by aseptic vegetations of the heart valves, predisposing to valvular dysfunction
and end-organ infarction. Lung Cancer (LC) is amongst the most common malignancies associated
with NBTE.
Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched from database inception until January 2024,
pairing Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) and related terms with “Lung Cancer
(LC)”. Reports were included if patients had both NBTE and lung cancer. The risk of bias was
assessed using Mixed Methods Analysis Testing (MMAT).
Results and Discussion: 32 patients with an average age of 59y +/- 11.6 were included from 31
peer-reviewed publications, with significant findings as below:
• The majority (47%) of patients were admitted with stroke.
• The most commonly affected valve was aortic (51%), followed by mitral (43%), and
tricuspid (5%).
• At diagnosis of NBTE, 86% of patients had stage IV cancer.
• Multi-organ infarct was common (61%), with the brain most often affected (40%).
• Treatment of NBTE included antibiotics (86%), anticoagulation (50%), and cardiac
surgery (6%).
• Treatment of LC included traditional chemotherapy (30.7%), radiation (16%), tyrosine
kinase inhibitors (11.5%), lobectomy (6%), and immunotherapy (3.8%).
• Overall mortality rate was 77%.
• Mortality rate was 38% in patients treated with chemotherapy and 91% in patients who
did not receive chemotherapy.
• Mortality rate stratified by anticoagulant: unfractionated heparin (85.7%), DOAC
(75%), and LMWH (20%).
Conclusion: High clinical suspicion for NBTE in patients presenting with LC and thromboembolic
phenomena can lead to changes in treatment and improved clinical outcomes.
