Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-398X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6387

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Clinical Trial

Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus High-Flow Nasal Cannula for the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author(s): Mohammad Reza Aramesh, Sahar Majidinezjad*, Masoud Dehdashtian, Arash Malakian and Shooka Mohammadi

Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025

Published on: 08 January, 2025

Page: [296 - 305] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/011573398X339994241209170750

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: There is no consensus regarding the comparison between nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among premature infants.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the efficacy of NCPAP compared to HFNC for the treatment of preterm neonates with RDS.

Methods: The study was conducted at Imam Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) among preterm neonates with RDS and gestational ages ranging from 28 to 34 weeks. One hundred twenty preterm neonates were randomly allocated to the HFNC or NCPAP groups (n = 60). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.

Results: This trial was carried out with 51 male and 69 female preterm neonates. There were no substantial differences between the HFNC and NCPAP groups in gender distribution, occurrence rates of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Cesarean delivery, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), pneumothorax, chronic lung disease (CLD), treatment failure, and mortality (P > 0.05). The mean body weight, gestational age, Apgar and RDS scores, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), length of oxygen therapy, hospitalization period, duration to reach full feeding, arterial blood pH, or gas levels were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the HFNC group exhibited a lower incidence of nasal trauma, required more surfactant therapy, and had a longer duration of intervention compared to the NCPAP group.

Conclusion: There were no significant differences between NCPAP and HFNC for the treatment of RDS in preterm infants.

Keywords: Preterm neonates, HFNC, respiratory distress syndrome, NCPAP, RDS, premature infants.

« Previous
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Guo BB, Pang L, Yang B, et al. Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: A minireview. Front Pediatr 2022; 10: 864911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.864911] [PMID: 35498779]
[2]
Pholanun N, Srisatidnarakul B, Longo J. The incidence and factors predicting survival among Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. Sepsis 2022; 17(2): 4-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v17i2.36860]
[3]
Berger DS, Garg B, Penfield CA, Caughey AB. Respiratory distress syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in late preterm births. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6(6): 101374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101374] [PMID: 38583712]
[4]
Liu L, Deng Q. Profound effect of pulmonary surfactant on the treatment of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Cont Med Mol Imag 2022; 2022: 4166994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4166994]
[5]
Weerasekera M, Wimalasiri AY, Savithri KDSK. Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. Sri Lanka J Child Health 2018; 47(4): 295.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v47i4.8588]
[6]
Luo K, Huang Y, Xiong T, Tang J. High-flow nasal cannula versus continuous positive airway pressure in primary respiratory support for preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10: 980024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.980024] [PMID: 36479290]
[7]
Demirel G, Vatansever B, Tastekin A. High flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for primary respiratory support in preterm infants: A prospective randomized study. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38(3): 237-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1696673] [PMID: 31563133]
[8]
Yang ST, Chung HW, Chen HL. Comparison of two methods for weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure via the cyclic use of high-flow nasal cannula or room air in preterm infants. Children 2024; 11(3): 351.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11030351] [PMID: 38539386]
[9]
Mukerji A, Rempel E, Thabane L, et al. High continuous positive airway pressures versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in preterm neonates: Protocol for a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13(2): e069024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069024] [PMID: 36787974]
[10]
Rehman A, Quddusi AI, Nadeem A, Fatima N, Iqbal I. Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Prof Med J 2021; 28(7): 957-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2021.28.07.5707]
[11]
Lemyre B, et al. Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 7(7): CD005384.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005384.pub3] [PMID: 37466143]
[12]
Gautam G, Gupta N, Sasidharan R, et al. Systematic rotation versus continuous application of ‘nasal prongs’ or ‘nasal mask’ in preterm infants on NCPAP: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182(6): 2645-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04933-1] [PMID: 36967420]
[13]
Gupta N, Saini SS, Murki S, Kumar P, Deorari A. Continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates: An update of current evidence and implications for developing countries. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52(4): 319-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-015-0632-z] [PMID: 25929631]
[14]
Kandraju H, Murki S, Subramanian S, Gaddam P, Deorari A, Kumar P. Early routine versus late selective surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome on nasal continuous positive airway pressure: A randomized controlled trial. Neonatology 2013; 103(2): 148-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000345198] [PMID: 23235135]
[15]
Rojas MA, Lozano JM, Rojas MX, et al. Very early surfactant without mandatory ventilation in premature infants treated with early continuous positive airway pressure: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2009; 123(1): 137-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3501] [PMID: 19117872]
[16]
Shin J, Park K, Lee EH, Choi BM. Humidified high flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure as an initial respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress: A randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32(4): 650-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.4.650] [PMID: 28244292]
[17]
Roberts CT, Manley BJ, Dawson JA, Davis PG. Nursing perceptions of high-flow nasal cannulae treatment for very preterm infants. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50(10): 806-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12636] [PMID: 24943729]
[18]
Alanazi MM, Algarni SS. Use of a high flow nasal cannula in extremely premature infants: Benefits and drawbacks. Global Pediatrics. 2023; 7: 10009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2023.100092]
[19]
Iranpour R, Armanian A-M, Parvaneh M, Salehimehr N, Feizi A, Hajirezaei M. Heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is not an effective method for initial treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) versus nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (NIMV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). J Res Med Sci 2019; 24(1): 73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_2_19] [PMID: 31523259]
[20]
Alrzoq RA, Alateeq OM, Almslam MS, Alanzi FA, Alhuthil RT. Cardiopulmonary outcomes following high flow nasal cannula in pediatric population: A systematic review. Heart Lung 2023; 61: 46-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.04.009] [PMID: 37148814]
[21]
Hong H, Li X, Li J, Zhang Z. High-flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory support in preterm infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 34(2): 259-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1606193] [PMID: 30966839]
[22]
Alhomaid YM, Alramli JA. Beneficial of high flow nasal cannula with infants. J Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 6(02): 1576-8.
[23]
Hodgson KA, et al. Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5(5): CD006405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006405.pub4] [PMID: 37144837]
[24]
Mir NY, Malik MI. Incidence of nasal trauma in nasal continuous positive airway pressure versus heated humidified high flow nasal cannula in neonates, our experience in government medical college srinagar. Int J Contemp Pediatrics 2023; 10(3): 353-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20230434]
[25]
Martins C, Pissarra R, Costa S, Soares H, Guimarães H. Comparison between continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal cannula as postextubation respiratory support in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Turk Pediatri Ars 2022; 57(6): 581-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.22161] [PMID: 36314953]
[26]
Volakli E, Svirkos M, Violaki A, Chochliourou E, Kalamitsou S, Avramidou V, et al. High flow nasal cannula therapy in children: Working principles and treatment failure predictors. Signa Vitae 2022; 18(6): 39-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22514/sv.2022.039]
[27]
Colleti Junior J, Azevedo R, Araujo O, Carvalho WB. High-flow nasal cannula as a post-extubation respiratory support strategy in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2020; 96(4): 422-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.11.004] [PMID: 31951817]
[28]
Murki S, Singh J, Khant C, et al. High-flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for primary respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress: A randomized controlled trial. Neonatology 2018; 113(3): 235-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484400] [PMID: 29393237]
[29]
Zhao X, Qin Q, Zhang X. Outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure in young children with respiratory distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 759297.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.759297] [PMID: 34805049]
[30]
Milési C, Essouri S, Pouyau R, et al. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for the initial respiratory management of acute viral bronchiolitis in young infants: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (tramontane study). Intensive Care Med 2017; 43(2): 209-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4617-8] [PMID: 28124736]
[31]
Nishimura M. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults: Physiological benefits, indication, clinical benefits, and adverse effects. Respir Care 2016; 61(4): 529-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.04577] [PMID: 27016353]
[32]
Hoffman SB, Terrell N, Driscoll CH, Davis NL. Impact of high-flow nasal cannula use on neonatal respiratory support patterns and length of stay. Respir Care 2016; 61(10): 1299-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.04668] [PMID: 27460101]
[33]
Anne RP, Murki S. Noninvasive respiratory support in neonates: A review of current evidence and practices. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88(7): 670-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03755-z] [PMID: 34075532]
[34]
Badiee Z, Naseri F, Sadeghnia A. Early versus delayed initiation of nasal continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns: A randomized clinical trial. Adv Biomed Res 2013; 2(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.107965] [PMID: 23930249]
[35]
Farhat AS, Mohammadzadeh A, Mamuri GA, Saeidi R, Noorizadeh S. Comparison of nasal non-invasive ventilation methods in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Iran J Neonatol 2018; 9(4): 53-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijn.2018.24544.1313]
[36]
Shoemaker MT, Pierce MR, Yoder BA, DiGeronimo RJ. High flow nasal cannula versus nasal CPAP for neonatal respiratory disease: A retrospective study. J Perinatol 2007; 27(2): 85-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7211647] [PMID: 17262040]
[37]
Hillman N, Jobe AH. Noninvasive strategies for management of respiratory problems in neonates. Neorev 2013; 14(5): e227-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.14-5-e227]
[38]
Schmölzer GM, Kumar M, Pichler G, Aziz K, O’Reilly M, Cheung PY. Non-invasive versus invasive respiratory support in preterm infants at birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 347(oct17 3): f5980.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5980] [PMID: 24136633]
[39]
Cresi F, Maggiora E, Lista G, et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure vs heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula on feeding intolerance in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: The entares randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6(7): e2323052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23052] [PMID: 37436750]
[40]
Mahmoud RA, Schmalisch G, Oswal A, Christoph RC. Non-invasive ventilatory support in neonates: An evidence-based update. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 44: 11-8.
[PMID: 36428196]
[41]
Dassios T, Ambulkar H, Greenough A. Treatment and respiratory support modes for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020; 8(5): 145-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21678707.2020.1769598]
[42]
Sammour I, Karnati S. Non-invasive respiratory support of the premature neonate: From physics to bench to practice. Front Pediatr 2020; 8: 214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00214] [PMID: 32457860]
[43]
Dumpa V, Avulakunta I, Bhandari V. Respiratory management in the premature neonate. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17(2): 155-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2023.2183843] [PMID: 36803028]
[44]
Downes JJ, Vidyasagar D, Morrow GM, Boggs TR. Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn infants. I. new clinical scoring system (RDS score) with acid-base and blood-gas correlations. Clin Pediatr 1970; 9(6): 325-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992287000900607] [PMID: 5419441]
[45]
Zadkarami M, Sadat-Mirdamadi N, Hardani A, et al. Evaluation of oxygenation index compared with oxygen saturation index among neonates admitted to the NICU. Acta Med Iran 2021; 376-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i6.6896]
[46]
Esmaeilnia Shirvani T, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure or humidified high flow nasal cannula for respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized control trial among premature neonates. Iran J Neonatol 2020; 11(4): 50-6.
[47]
de Jesus Brito S, Tsopanoglou SP, Galvão EL, de Deus FA, de Lima VP. Can high-flow nasal cannula reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with CPAP in preterm infants? a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21(1): 407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02881-z] [PMID: 34530788]
[48]
Choi BM, Lee EH, Park KH, et al. Comparing usefulness of humidified high-flow nasal cannula (hHFNC) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for neonatal respiratory diseases in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2011; 70(5): 504-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.729]
[49]
Kadivar M, Mosayebi Z, Razi N, Nariman S, Sangsari R. High flow nasal cannulae versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome managed with insure method: A randomized clinical trial. Iran J Med Sci 2016; 41(6): 494-500.
[PMID: 27853329]
[50]
Lin X, Jia P, Li XQ, Liu Q. Efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates: A meta analysis. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 22(11): 1164-71.
[PMID: 33172549]
[51]
Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Pocock SJ, Evans SJW, Altman DG. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: Extension of the consort 2010 statement. JAMA 2012; 308(24): 2594-604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.87802] [PMID: 23268518]
[52]
Kotecha SJ, Adappa R, Gupta N, Watkins WJ, Kotecha S, Chakraborty M. Safety and efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in preterm infants: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2015; 136(3): 542-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0738] [PMID: 26283781]
[53]
Wilkinson D, et al. High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2(2): CD006405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006405.pub3] [PMID: 26899543]
[54]
Roberts CT, Owen LS, Manley BJ, et al. Nasal high-flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2016; 375(12): 1142-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1603694] [PMID: 27653564]
[55]
Collins CL, et al. A randomized controlled trial to compare heated humidified high-flow nasal cannulae with nasal continuous positive airway pressure postextubation in premature infants. J Pediatr 2013; 162(5): 949-954.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.016] [PMID: 23260098]
[56]
Yoder BA, Stoddard RA, Li M, King J, Dirnberger DR, Abbasi S. Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula versus nasal CPAP for respiratory support in neonates. Pediatrics 2013; 131(5): e1482-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2742] [PMID: 23610207]
[57]
Manley BJ, Owen LS, Doyle LW, et al. High-flow nasal cannulae in very preterm infants after extubation. N Engl J Med 2013; 369(15): 1425-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1300071] [PMID: 24106935]
[58]
Iranpour R, Sadeghnia A, Abari S. High flow nasal cannula in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in one day-old neonate. Br J Med Med Res 2016; 15(4): 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2016/25316]
[59]
Ciuffini F, Pietrasanta C, Lavizzari A, et al. Comparison between two different modes of non-invasive ventilatory support in preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome mild to moderate: Preliminary data. Pediatr Med Chir 2014; 36(4): 88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pmc.2014.88] [PMID: 25573704]
[60]
Lavizzari A, Colnaghi M, Ciuffini F, et al. Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity: A randomized clinical noninferiority trial. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 8: 1243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.1243] [PMID: 27532363]
[61]
Zheng G, et al. The effect of the treatment with heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in China: A single-center experience. Can Respir J 2017; 2017: 3782401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3782401] [PMID: 28167860]
[62]
Poonia AK, Sharma PK, Bansal R. Comparison of efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm infants. J Clin Neonatol 2019; 8(2): 102-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcn.JCN_116_18]
[63]
Manley BJ, Cripps E, Dargaville PA. Non-invasive versus invasive respiratory support in preterm infants. Seminars in Perinatology. Elsevier 2024; 48(2): 151885.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151885]
[64]
Ho JJ, Subramaniam P, Davis PG. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10(10): CD002271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002271.pub3] [PMID: 33058208]
[65]
Ezeh NI, Eyo TJ, Gurusamy K. Ebneo commentary: Weaning from CPAP using high-flow is non-inferior to using CPAP alone in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 2015; 82(9): 775-6.
[66]
Ishigami AC, Meneses J, Alves JG, Carvalho J, Cavalcanti E, Bhandari V. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as a rescue therapy after nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Perinatol 2023; 43(3): 311-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41372-023-01600-z] [PMID: 36631566]
[67]
Guay JM, Carvi D, Raines DA, Luce WA. Care of the neonate on nasal continuous positive airway pressure: A bedside guide. Neonatal Netw 2018; 37(1): 24-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.37.1.24] [PMID: 29436355]
[68]
Lemyre B, Deguise M-O, Benson P, Haresh K, Ekhaguere OA, Davis PG. 17 early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure for preterm infants. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27 (Suppl. 3): e7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac100.016]
[69]
Abdelbaky AM, Elmasry WG, Awad AH, Khan S, Jarrahi M. The impact of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A systematic review. Cureus 2023; 15(6): e41219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41219] [PMID: 37397646]
[70]
Ramaswamy VV, More K, Roehr CC, Bandiya P, Nangia S. Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory support modes for primary respiratory support in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55(11): 2940-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25011] [PMID: 32762014]
[71]
Mokhtary-Hassanabad A, Mirjalili SR, Lookzadeh MH, Noorishadkam M. Comparison of treatment outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in the NICU of shahid sadoughi hospital in yazd. Wor J Peri & Neonatol 2024; 6(2): 75-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/wjpn.v6i2.15488]
[72]
Alexander EC, Wadia TH, Ramnarayan P. Effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy compared to standard oxygen therapy (sot) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in bronchiolitis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 11: S1526-0542(24)00048-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2024.05.004] [PMID: 38937210]
[73]
Shi Y, Muniraman H, Biniwale M, Ramanathan R. A review on non-invasive respiratory support for management of respiratory distress in extremely preterm infants. Front Pediatr 2020; 8: 270.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00270] [PMID: 32548084]
[74]
Narayanan KR, Ashwath Ram RN, Sundaram M. How to choose between high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, and bilevel positive airway pressure in children with acute respiratory illness. J Ped Crit Care 2023; 10(3): 101-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_33_23]
[75]
Bruet S, Butin M, Dutheil F. Systematic review of high-flow nasal cannula versus continuous positive airway pressure for primary support in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107(1): 56-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-321094] [PMID: 34016651]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
10
2
Wayfinder Image
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy