Title:Therapeutic Modulation of the Microbiome in Oncology: Current Trends and Future Directions
Volume: 26
Issue: 5
Author(s): Istuti Saraswat and Anjana Goel*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Chemotherapy, microbiota, metagenomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, probiotics, carcinogenic compounds.
Abstract: Cancer is a predominant cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating the development
of innovative therapeutic techniques. The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota,
has become a significant element in cancer research owing to its essential role in sustaining
health and influencing disease progression. This review examines the microbiome's makeup and
essential functions, including immunological modulation and metabolic regulation, which may
be evaluated using sophisticated methodologies such as metagenomics and 16S rRNA
sequencing. The microbiome influences cancer development by promoting inflammation,
modulating the immune system, and producing carcinogenic compounds. Dysbiosis, or
microbial imbalance, can undermine the epithelial barrier and facilitate cancer. The microbiome
influences chemotherapy and radiation results by modifying drug metabolism, either enhancing
or reducing therapeutic efficacy and contributing to side effects and toxicity. Comprehending
these intricate relationships emphasises the microbiome's significance in oncology and
accentuates the possibility for microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Contemporary therapeutic
approaches encompass the utilisation of probiotics and dietary components to regulate the
microbiome, enhance treatment efficacy, and minimise unwanted effects. Advancements in
research indicate that personalised microbiome-based interventions, have the potential to
transform cancer therapy, by providing more effective and customised treatment alternatives.
This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the microbiome's influence on the onset
and treatment of cancer, while emphasising current trends and future possibilities for therapeutic
intervention.
