Title:The Incorporation of Clove Essential Oil into Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Improvement of the Delivery and Antioxidant Effects on the Fibroblast Cells
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Author(s): Satrialdi*, Nada Nurul Husna, Risya Qonitah Rihad and Ratna Annisa Utami
Affiliation:
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
Keywords:
Clove essential oil, nanostructured lipid carrier, drug delivery, antioxidant, oxidative stress, fibroblast cells.
Abstract:
Background: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (CO) has been studied extensively
for its antioxidant properties but faces several limitations, including high volatility, low aqueous
solubility, and irritation.
Objective: We aimed to develop a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) to enhance the benefits of CO.
Methods: Using the emulsification sonication method, a liquid lipid component, surfactant concentration,
and a co-surfactant were optimized to create CO-loaded NLC (CO-NLC). The developed
CO-NLC was rigorously assessed for its stability during storage. Free radical scavenging activity
and fibroblast oxidative stress protection were also measured to assess the antioxidant activity.
Results: The CO-NLC displayed a spherical shape with a hydrodynamic diameter of 125.77 ± 29.68
nm, homogenous particle distribution with polydispersity index of 0.26 ± 0.09, and a surface charge
of -27.30 ± 4.56 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 97% and a good stability profile. Furthermore,
free CO and CO-NLC displayed very strong free radical scavenging activity with the IC50
value of 22.74 ± 0.57 μg/mL and 18.28 ± 2.63 μg/mL, respectively. However, only CO-NLC managed
to protect fibroblast cells from the harmful effects of oxidative stress.
Conclusion: The NLC formulations improved free radical scavenging activity and effectively protected
fibroblasts from oxidative stress compared to free CO.