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Current Protein & Peptide Science

Current Protein & Peptide Science

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ISSN (Online): 1875-5550

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Review Article

Phase Separation of Chromatin Structure-related Biomolecules: A Driving Force for Epigenetic Regulations

Author(s): Jiao Wang, Yuchen Chen*, Zixuan Xiao, Xikai Liu, Chengyu Liu, Kun Huang and Hong Chen*

Volume 25, Issue 7, 2024

Published on: 27 March, 2024

Page: [553 - 566] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/0113892037296216240301074253

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Abstract

Intracellularly, membrane-less organelles are formed by spontaneous fusion and fission of macro-molecules in a process called phase separation, which plays an essential role in cellular activities. In certain disease states, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant phase separations take place and participate in disease progression. Chromatin structure-related proteins, based on their characteristics and upon external stimuli, phase separate to exert functions like genome assembly, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. Moreover, many chromatin structure-related proteins, such as histones, histone-modifying enzymes, DNA-modifying enzymes, and DNA methylation binding proteins, are involved in epigenetic regulations through phase separation. This review introduces phase separation and how phase separation affects epigenetics with a focus on chromatin structure-related molecules.

Keywords: Membrane-less organelles, phase separation, chromatin, chromatin structure-related biomolecules, histone, DNA, epigenetics.

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Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract illustrating key findings of the study

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