Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Title:Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Author(s): Mahmood Araghi, Farshad Gharebakhshi, Fatemeh Faramarzi, Alireza Mafi, Tahoora Mousavi, Mina Alimohammadi*Hussein Soleimantabar*

Affiliation:

• Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

• Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Pembrolizumab, mTNBC, efficacy, safety, monotherapy, combined therapy, meta-analysis.

Abstract:

Background: Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (mTNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, with a greater risk of metastasis and recurrence. Research studies have published in-depth analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of pembrolizumab, and early data from numerous trials suggests that patients with mTNBC have had remarkable outcomes. This meta-analysis compares the data from numerous relevant studies in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy or combination therapies for mTNBC.

Methods: To identify eligible RCTs, a thorough literature search was carried out using electronic databases. CMA software was utilized to perform heterogeneity tests using fixed and random-effects models.

Results: According to our pooled data, the median Progression-free Survival (PFS) was 2.66 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.26 months. Furthermore, by comparing efficacy indicators between PD-L1–positive and PD-L1–negative groups, a correlation was found between the overexpression of PD-L1 with OS, PFS, and ORR. Patients with PD-L1-positive tumors had a higher response rate, with an ORR of 21.1%, compared to the patients with PD-L1-negative tumors. The ORR for first-line immunotherapy was higher than that of ≥second-line immunotherapy. In addition, pembrolizumab plus combination treatment resulted in a pooled incidence of immune- related adverse events of 22.7%.

Conclusion: A modest response to pembrolizumab monotherapy was detected in the mTNBC patients. Furthermore, a better outcome from pembrolizumab treatment may be predicted by PD-L1-- positive status, non-liver/lung metastases, combination therapy, and first-line immunotherapy. Pembrolizumab, in combination with chemotherapy, may be more beneficial for patients whose tumors are PD-L1 positive.

Cite this article as:

Araghi Mahmood, Gharebakhshi Farshad, Faramarzi Fatemeh, Mafi Alireza, Mousavi Tahoora, Alimohammadi Mina*, Soleimantabar Hussein*, Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Current Gene Therapy 2025; 25 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0115665232283880240301035621