Title:Non-Receptor Type PTPases and their Role in Controlling Pathways
Related to Diabetes and Liver Cancer Signalling
Volume: 25
Author(s): Nidhee Chaudhary*Bellam Kiranmayee
Affiliation:
- Centre for Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh,
Sector-125, Expressway, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Cancer, diabetes, HCC, insulin signalling pathway, protein tyrosine phosphatase, therapeutic target.
Abstract: The role of non-receptor type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPases) in controlling
pathways related to diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is significant. The insulin
signal transduction pathway is regulated by the steady-state phosphorylation of tyrosyl residues
of the insulin receptor and post-receptor substrates. PTPase has been shown to have a physiological
role in the regulation of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation. There are several non-receptor
type PTPases. PTPase containing the SH-2 domain (SHP-2) and the non-receptor type PTPase
(PTP1B; encoded by the PTPN1 gene) are involved in negative regulation of the insulin signaling
pathway, thereby indicating that the pathway can be made more efficient by the reduction in
the activity of specific PTPases. Reduction in insulin resistance may be achieved by drugs targeting
these specific enzymes. The modifications in the receptor and post-receptor events of
insulin signal transduction give rise to insulin resistance, and a link between insulin-resistant
states and HCC has been established. The cancer cells thrive on higher levels of energy and their
growth gets encouraged since insulin-resistant states lead to greater glucose levels. Cancer, hyperglycemia,
and hypoglycemia are highly linked through various pathways hence, clarifying
the molecular mechanisms through which non-receptor type PTPase regulates the insulin signal
transduction is necessary to find an effective target for cancer. Targeting the pathways related to
PTPases; both receptor and non-receptor types, may lead to an effective candidate to fight
against diabetes and HCC.
