Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-7385
ISSN (Online): 2211-7393

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Azadirachta indica-based Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application & Future Prospective

Author(s): Puja Kumari, Laxmi Devi, Renu Kadian, Aafrin Waziri and Md Sabir Alam*

Volume 13, Issue 3, 2025

Published on: 22 February, 2024

Page: [448 - 464] Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/0122117385262947240206055107

Price: $65

Abstract

The process of producing the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a sustainable and environment- friendly process is very desirable due to environmental hazards posed by climatic changes. Biomedical one of the fields classified under nanoscience, nanoparticles have a potential synthetic application, which makes it a vast area of research. These particles can be prepared using chemical, physical, and biological methods. One of the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is by the use of plant extracts, known as green synthesis. Because of its low cost and nontoxicity, it has gained attention in recent times. This review was conducted to find the possible outcomes and uses of metallic nanoparticles synthesized using different parts like gum, root, stem, leaf, fruits, etc. of Azadirachta indica (AI). AI, a popular medicinal plant commonly known as neem, has been studied for the green synthesis of NPs by using the capping and reducing agents secreted by the plant. Various phytochemicals identified in neem are capable of metal ion reduction. Green synthesis of NPs from neem is an eco-friendly and low-cost method. These NPs are reported to exhibit good antimicrobial activity. The review covers the preparation, characterization, and mechanism associated with the antibacterial, anticancer, and neurological diseases of the MNPs. Furthermore, the limitations associated with the existing NPs and the prospects of these NPs are also examined.

Keywords: Azadirachta indica, metallic nanoparticles, antibacterial, anticancer, neurological disease, blood brain barrier.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Vivehananthan K, Sudha Lakshmi SY, De Silva WH, Kumar SA. Silver nanoparticles of Azadirachta indica: Biological method of synthesis and characterization. World J Pharm Res 2015; 4: 77-86.
[2]
Javed MN, Dahiya ES, Ibrahim AM, Alam MS, Khan FA, Pottoo FH. Recent advancement in clinical application of nanotechnological approached targeted delivery of herbal drugs. Nanophytomedicine: Concept to Clinic 2020; 151-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4909-0_9]
[3]
Yuan C, Wu HB, Xie Y, Lou XWD. Mixed transition-metal oxides: Design, synthesis, and energy-related applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 2014; 53(6): 1488-504.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201303971] [PMID: 24382683]
[4]
Kadian R. Nanoparticles: A promising drug delivery approach. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11(1): 30-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22035]
[5]
Namratha N, Monica PV. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract and usage in water purification. Asian J Pharm Technol 2013; 3(4): 170-4.
[6]
Javed MN, Pottoo FH, Alam MS. Metallic nanoparticle alone and/or in combination as novel agent for the treatment of uncontrolled electric conductance related disorders and/or seizure, epilepsy & convulsions. Patent acquired on October 2016; 10: 40.
[7]
Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S. Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnol Rep 2017; 15: 11-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2017.03.002] [PMID: 28603692]
[8]
Javed MN, Alam MS, Waziri A, et al. QbD applications for the development of nanopharmaceutical products. Pharmaceutical quality by design. Academic Press 2019; pp. 229-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815799-2.00013-7]
[9]
Dubchak S, Ogar A, Mietelski JW, Turnau K. Influence of silver and titanium nanoparticles on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization and accumulation of radiocaesium in Helianthus annuus. In: Span J Agric Res 2010; 8(S1): 103-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/201008S1-1228]
[10]
Pandit J, Alam MS, Ansari JR, et al. Multifaced applications of nanoparticles in biological science. In: Nanomaterials in the Battle Against Pathogens and Disease Vectors. CRC Press 2022; pp. 17-50.
[11]
Sau TK, Biswas A, Ray P. Metal nanoparticles in nanomedicine: Advantages and scope. In: Metal nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications in pharmaceutical sciences. 2018; p. 121.
[12]
Tavakoli A, Sohrabi M, Kargari A. A review of methods for synthesis of nanostructured metals with emphasis on iron compounds. Chem 2007; 161(3): 151-70.
[13]
Khan M, Shaik MR, Adil SF, et al. Plant extracts as green reductants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Lessons from chemical synthesis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47(35): 11988-2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8DT01152D] [PMID: 29971317]
[14]
Antony E, Gunasekaran S, Sathiavelu MY, Arunachalam SA. A review on use of plant extracts for gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and their potential activities against food pathogens. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016; 9: 18-23.
[15]
Girish K, Shankara BS. Neem–a green treasure. Electron J Biol 2008; 4(3): 102-11.
[16]
Alam MS, Naseh MF, Ansari JR, et al. Synthesis approaches for higher yields of nanoparticles. In: Nanomaterials in the Battle Against Pathogens and Disease Vectors. CRC Press 2022; pp. 51-82.
[17]
Pandit J, Alam MS, Ansari JR, et al. 2 multifaced applications. In: Nanomaterials in the battle against pathogens and disease vectors. 2022; p. 17.
[18]
Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab J Chem 2019; 12(7): 908-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011]
[19]
Kumar VS, Navaratnam V. Neem (Azadirachta indica): Prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(7): 505-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60105-7] [PMID: 23835719]
[20]
Sarah R, Tabassum B, Idrees N, Hussain MK. Bio-active compounds isolated from neem tree and their applications. Natural Bio-active Compounds. Production and Applications 2019; Vol. 1: pp. 509-28.
[21]
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S. A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. J Adv Res 2016; 7(1): 17-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.007] [PMID: 26843966]
[22]
Govindappa M, Hemashekhar B, Arthikala MK, Ravishankar Rai V, Ramachandra YL. Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Results Phys 2018; 9: 400-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.02.049]
[23]
Iijima YA, Iijima S. Preparation of carbon nanotubes by arc-discharge evaporation. Jpn J Appl Phys 1993; 32(1A): L107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.32.L107]
[24]
Carriço AD, Carvalho JF, Medeiros SN, Morales MA, Dantas AL. Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by high energy ball milling. Appl Surf Sci 2013; 275: 84-7.
[25]
Lowndes DH, Geohegan DB, Puretzky AA, Norton DP, Rouleau CM. Synthesis of novel thin-film materials by pulsed laser deposition. Science 1996; 273(5277): 898-903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5277.898] [PMID: 8688065]
[26]
Fanter DL, Levy RL, Wolf CJ. Laser pyrolysis of polymers. Anal Chem 1972; 44(1): 43-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60309a037]
[27]
Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(9): 1534.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091534] [PMID: 27649147]
[28]
Chen X, Charrier M, Srubar WV III. Nanoscale construction biotechnology for cementitious materials: A prospectus. Front Mater 2021; 7: 594989.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.594989]
[29]
Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, et al. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 2007; 3(1): 95-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2006.12.001] [PMID: 17379174]
[30]
Li X, Xu H, Chen ZS, Chen G. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms and their applications. J Nanomater 2011; 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/270974]
[31]
Zhang X, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms and their application in enhancing microbiological reaction rates. Chemosphere 2011; 82(4): 489-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.023] [PMID: 21055786]
[32]
Suresh K, Prabagaran SR, Sengupta S, Shivaji S. Bacillus indicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated from an aquifer in West Bengal, India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54(4): 1369-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03047-0] [PMID: 15280316]
[33]
Bhainsa KC, D’Souza SF. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 47(2): 160-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.026] [PMID: 16420977]
[34]
Tao A, Sinsermsuksakul P, Yang P. Polyhedral silver nanocrystals with distinct scattering signatures. Angew Chem Int Ed 2006; 45(28): 4597-601.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200601277] [PMID: 16791902]
[35]
Byrappa K, Adschiri T. Hydrothermal technology for nanotechnology. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater 2007; 53(2): 117-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2007.04.001]
[36]
López Pérez JA, López Quintela MA, Mira J, Rivas J, Charles SW. Advances in the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles by the microemulsion method. J Phys Chem B 1997; 101(41): 8045-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp972046t]
[37]
Nadagouda MN, Speth TF, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanostructures. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44(7): 469-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar1001457] [PMID: 21526846]
[38]
Watanabe K, Menzel D, Nilius N, Freund HJ. Photochemistry on metal nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2006; 106(10): 4301-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr050167g] [PMID: 17031988]
[39]
Devatha CP, Thalla AK. Green synthesis of nanomaterials In: Synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials . Woodhead Publishing 2018; pp. 169-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101975-7.00007-5]
[40]
Srivastava J, Chandra H, Nautiyal AR, Kalra SJ. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and plant-derived antimicrobials (PDA ms) as an alternative drug line to control infections. 3 Biotech 2014; 4: 451-60.
[41]
Chandra H, Bishnoi P, Yadav A, Patni B, Mishra A, Nautiyal A. Antimicrobial resistance and the alternative resources with special emphasis on plant-based antimicrobials—a review. Plants 2017; 6(4): 16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants6020016] [PMID: 28394295]
[42]
Song JY, Kim BS. Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 32(1): 79-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-008-0224-6] [PMID: 18438688]
[43]
Patra JK, Baek KH. Green nanobiotechnology: Factors affecting synthesis and characterization techniques. J Nanomater 2015; 2014: 219-9.
[44]
Resmi CR, Sreejamol P, Pillai P. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves extract and evaluation of antibacterial activities. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res 2014; 4: 300-3.
[45]
Ijaz I, Gilani E, Nazir A, Bukhari A. Detail review on chemical, physical and green synthesis, classification, characterizations and applications of nanoparticles. Green Chem Lett Rev 2020; 13(3): 223-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2020.1802517]
[46]
Singh J, Dutta T, Kim KH, Rawat M, Samddar P, Kumar P. ‘Green’ synthesis of metals and their oxide nanoparticles: Applications for environmental remediation. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16(1): 84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0408-4] [PMID: 30373622]
[47]
Deka NJ, Nath R, Shantanu Tamuly M, Pegu SR, Deka SM. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Neem (Azadirachtaindica L.) and assessment of its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Ann Phytomed 2021; 10(1): 171-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ap.2021.10.1.17]
[48]
de Jesus RA, de Assis GC, Oliveira RJ, et al. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles: A revolution in the biosynthesis and medical applications. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 2024; 37: 101071.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2023.101071]
[49]
Mustapha T, Misni N, Ithnin NR, Daskum AM, Unyah NZ. A review on plants and microorganisms mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles, role of plants metabolites and applications. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(2): 674.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020674] [PMID: 35055505]
[50]
Ramazanli VN, Ahmadov IS. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using extract of Olive leaves. Adv Biol Earth Sci 2022; 7(3): 238-44.
[51]
Hano C, Abbasi BH. Plant-based green synthesis of nanoparticles: Production, characterization and applications. Biomolecules 2021; 12(1): 31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12010031] [PMID: 35053179]
[52]
Jaggessar A, Yarlagadda PKDV. Modelling the growth of hydrothermally synthesised bactericidal nanostructures, as a function of processing conditions. Mater Sci Eng C 2020; 108: 110434.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110434] [PMID: 31924013]
[53]
Akhtar MS, Panwar J, Yun YS. Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by plant extracts. ACS Sustain Chem& Eng 2013; 1(6): 591-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc300118u]
[54]
Gopinath V, MubarakAli D, Priyadarshini S, Priyadharsshini NM, Thajuddin N, Velusamy P. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris and its antimicrobial activity: A novel biological approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 96: 69-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.03.023] [PMID: 22521683]
[55]
MubarakAli D, Thajuddin N, Jeganathan K, Gunasekaran M. Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 85(2): 360-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.03.009] [PMID: 21466948]
[56]
Hemanth Kumar NK, Andia JD, Manjunatha S, Murali M, Amruthesh KN, Jagannath S. Antimitotic and DNA-binding potential of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs from leaf extract of Justicia wynaadensis (Nees) Heyne - A medicinal herb. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2019; 18: 101024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101024]
[57]
Priyadarshini S, Mainal A, Sonsudin F, Yahya R, Alyousef AA, Mohammed A. Biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and their superior antibacterial effect against human nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Res Chem Intermed 2020; 46(2): 1077-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03857-6]
[58]
Verma A, Mehata MS. Controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Neem leaves and their antimicrobial activity. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 2016; 9(1): 109-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.11.001]
[59]
Singh A, Neelam , Kaushik M. Physicochemical investigations of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Azadirachta Indica (Neem) leaf extract and their interaction with Calf-Thymus DNA. Results Phys 2019; 13: 102168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102168]
[60]
Ahmad H, Venugopal K, Bhat AH, et al. Enhanced biosynthesis synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) for their antifungal activity toxicity against major phyto-pathogens of apple orchards. Pharm Res 2020; 37(12): 246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02966-x] [PMID: 33215292]
[61]
Nayak D, Ashe S, Rauta PR, Kumari M, Nayak B. Bark extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative response against osteosarcoma. Mater Sci Eng C 2016; 58: 44-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.022] [PMID: 26478285]
[62]
Nazeruddin GM, Prasad NR, Prasad SR, Shaikh YI, Waghmare SR, Adhyapak P. Coriandrum sativum seed extract assisted in situ green synthesis of silver nanoparticle and its anti-microbial activity. Ind Crops Prod 2014; 60: 212-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.040]
[63]
Gopalakrishnan V, Muniraj S. In vitro anti-oxidant and in-vitro anti-diabetic studies of silver, gold and copper nanoparticles synthesized using the flowers of Azhadirachta indica. Indian J Chem Technol 2022; 28(5): 580-6.
[64]
Zambri NDS, Taib NI, Abdul Latif F, Mohamed Z. Utilization of neem leaf extract on biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24(20): 3803.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203803] [PMID: 31652583]
[65]
Shnoudeh AJ, Hamad I, Abdo RW, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal nanoparticles. In:Biomaterials and bionanotechnology. Academic Press 2019; pp. 527-612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814427-5.00015-9]
[66]
Elia P, Zach R, Hazan S, Kolusheva S, Porat Z, Zeiri Y. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9: 4007-21.
[PMID: 25187704]
[67]
Alam MS, Garg A, Pottoo FH, et al. Gum ghatti mediated, one pot green synthesis of optimized gold nanoparticles: Investigation of process-variables impact using Box-Behnken based statistical design. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104(Pt A): 758-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.129] [PMID: 28601649]
[68]
Alam MS, Javed MN, Pottoo FH, et al. QbD approached comparison of reaction mechanism in microwave synthesized gold nanoparticles and their superior catalytic role against hazardous nirto‐dye. Appl Organomet Chem 2019; 33(9): e5071.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5071]
[69]
Yadeta Gemachu L, Lealem Birhanu A. Green synthesis of ZnO, CuO and NiO nanoparticles using Neem leaf extract and comparing their photocatalytic activity under solar irradiation. Green Chem Lett Rev 2024; 17(1): 2293841.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2293841]
[70]
Vadakkan K, Rumjit NP, Ngangbam AK, Vijayanand S, Nedumpillil NK. Novel advancements in the sustainable green synthesis approach of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for antibacterial therapeutic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2024; 499: 215528.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215528]
[71]
Deepak V, Umamaheshwaran PS, Guhan K, et al. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using purified URAK. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 86(2): 353-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.019] [PMID: 21592748]
[72]
Fayyaz Z, Farrukh MA, Ul-Hamid A, Chong KK. Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract‐mediated synthesis of the AG / CUO / RGO nanocomposite. Microsc Res Tech 2024; jemt.24487.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24487] [PMID: 38174385]
[73]
Kalishwaralal K, Deepak V, Ram Kumar Pandian S, et al. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Brevibacterium casei. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77(2): 257-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.007] [PMID: 20197229]
[74]
Thirumurugan A, Aswitha P, Kiruthika C, Nagarajan S, Christy AN. Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica – An eco-friendly approach. Mater Lett 2016; 170: 175-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.02.026]
[75]
Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 275(2): 496-502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.003] [PMID: 15178278]
[76]
Pattanayak M, Nayak PL. Green synthesis and characterization of zero valent iron nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem). World J Nano Sci Technol 2013; 2(1): 6-9.
[77]
Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions onEscherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 52(4): 662-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(20001215)52:4<662::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-3] [PMID: 11033548]
[78]
(a) Cruz DM, Mostafavi E, Vernet-Crua A, et al. Green nanotechnology-based zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A review. Phys Materials 2020; 3(3): 034005.;
(b) Vimala K, Sundarraj S, Paulpandi M. Green synthesized doxorubicin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles regulates the Bax and Bcl-2 expression in breast and colon carcinoma. Process Biochemistry 2014; 49(1): 160-72.
[79]
Qi P, Zhang D, Wan Y. Sulfate-reducing bacteria detection based on the photocatalytic property of microbial synthesized ZnS nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800: 65-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.015] [PMID: 24120169]
[80]
Oudhia A, Kulkarni P, Sharma S. Green synthesis of ZnO nanotubes for bioapplications. Int J Curr Eng Technol 2015; 1: 280-1.
[81]
Bindhu MR, Umadevi M. Antibacterial and catalytic activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 135: 373-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.045] [PMID: 25093965]
[82]
Hosseinpour-Mashkani SM, Ramezani M. Silver and silver oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization by thermal decomposition. Mater Lett 2014; 130: 259-62. [REMOVED HYPERLINK FIELD]. [REMOVED HYPERLINK FIELD].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.05.133]
[83]
Abid JP, Wark AW, Brevet PF, Girault HH. Preparation of silver nanoparticles in solution from a silver salt by laser irradiation. Chem Commun 2002; (7): 792-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b200272h] [PMID: 12119726]
[84]
Mallick K, Witcomb MJ, Scurrell MS. Polymer stabilized silver nanoparticles: A photochemical synthesis route. J Mater Sci 2004; 39(14): 4459-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000034138.80116.50]
[85]
Thakur BK, Kumar A, Kumar D. Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. S Afr J Bot 2019; 124: 223-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.024]
[86]
Noruzi M. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38(1): 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1251-0] [PMID: 25090979]
[87]
Bohren CF, Huffman DR. Absorption and scattering of light by small particles 2008.
[88]
Templeton AC, Pietron JJ, Murray RW, Mulvaney P. Solvent refractive index and core charge influences on the surface plasmon absorbance of alkanethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters. J Phys Chem B 2000; 104(3): 564-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp991889c]
[89]
Al-Mafarjy SS, Suardi N, Ahmed NM, Kernain D, Hisham Alkatib H, Dheyab MA. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth leaves and assessment of anticancer and antioxidant properties. Inorg Chem Commun 2024; 161: 112052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112052]
[90]
Kumar V, Yadav SK. Plant‐mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their applications. Journal of chemical technology & biotechnology: International research in process. Clean Technol Environ 2009; 84(2): 151-7.
[91]
Vijayaraghavan K, Ashokkumar T. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles: A review of literature, factors affecting synthesis, characterization techniques and applications. J Environ Chem Eng 2017; 5(5): 4866-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.09.026]
[92]
Khan MZH, Tareq FK, Hossen MA, Roki MNAM. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using coriandrum sativum leaf extract. J Eng Sci Technol 2018; 1: 158-66.
[93]
Huang J, Li Q, Sun D, et al. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by novel sundried Cinnamomum camphora leaf. Nanotechnology 2007; 18(10): 105104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/10/105104]
[94]
Li R, Chen X, Ye H, Sheng X. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the extract of Crocus sativus to study the effect of antidepressant in adolescence and to observe its aggressive and impulsive behavior in rat models. S Afr J Bot 2024; 165: 455-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.12.029]
[95]
Meng F, Morin SA, Forticaux A, Jin S. Screw dislocation driven growth of nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46(7): 1616-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar400003q] [PMID: 23738750]
[96]
Pawley J. The development of field-emission scanning electron microscopy for imaging biological surfaces. Scanning 1997; 19(5): 324-36.
[PMID: 9262017]
[97]
Wang ZL. Transmission electron microscopy of shape-controlled nanocrystals and their assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2000; 104(6): 1153-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp993593c]
[98]
Strasser P, Koh S, Anniyev T, et al. Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat Chem 2010; 2(6): 454-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.623] [PMID: 20489713]
[99]
Yao H, Kimura K. Field emission scanning electron microscopy for structural characterization of 3D gold nanoparticle superlattices. In: Modern research and educational topics in microscopy. 2007; 2: pp. 568-76.
[100]
Schaffer B, Hohenester U, Trügler A, Hofer F. High-resolution surface plasmon imaging of gold nanoparticles by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys 2009; 79(4): 041401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.041401]
[101]
Olusanya TO. Formulation and preliminary evaluation of delivery vehicles for the boron neutron capture therapy of cancer 2015.
[102]
Tomaszewska E, Soliwoda K, Kadziola K, et al. Detection limits of DLS and UV-Vis spectroscopy in characterization of polydisperse nanoparticles colloids. J Nanomater 2013; 2013: 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313081]
[103]
Howland R, Benatar L. A practical guide: To scanning probe microscopy. In: Science. DIANE Publishing Company 1996.
[104]
Griffith JE, Grigg DA. Dimensional metrology with scanning probe microscopes. J Appl Phys 1993; 74(9): R83-R109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354175]
[105]
Howald L, Haefke H, Lüthi R, et al. Ultrahigh-vacuum scanning force microscopy: Atomic-scale resolution at monatomic cleavage steps. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49(8): 5651-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5651] [PMID: 10011523]
[106]
Pottoo FH, Sharma S, Javed MN, et al. Lipid-based nanoformulations in the treatment of neurological disorders. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52(1): 185-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2020.1726942] [PMID: 32116044]
[107]
Pottoo FH, Tabassum N, Javed MN, et al. The synergistic effect of raloxifene, fluoxetine, and bromocriptine protects against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and temporal lobe epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56(2): 1233-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1121-x] [PMID: 29881945]
[108]
Pottoo FH, Javed MN, Barkat MA, et al. Estrogen and serotonin: Complexity of interactions and implications for epileptic seizures and epileptogenesis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17(3): 214-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180628164432] [PMID: 29956631]
[109]
Pottoo FH, Tabassum N, Javed MN, et al. Raloxifene potentiates the effect of fluoxetine against maximal electroshock induced seizures in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146: 105261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105261] [PMID: 32061655]
[110]
Ibrahim AM, Chauhan L, Bhardwaj A, et al. Brain-derived neurotropic factor in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10(5): 1143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051143] [PMID: 35625880]
[111]
Waziri A, Bharti C, Aslam M, et al. Probiotics for the Chemoprotective role against the toxic effect of cancer chemotherapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22(4): 654-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520621666210514000615]
[112]
Singhal S, Gupta M, Alam MS, Javed MN, Ansari JR. Carbon allotropes-based nanodevices: Graphene in biomedical applications. In: Nanotechnology. CRC Press 2022; pp. 241-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003220350-14]
[113]
Aslam M, Javed MN, Deeb HH, et al. Lipid carriers mediated targeted delivery of nutraceuticals: Challenges, role of blood brain barrier and promises of nanotechnology based ap-proaches in neuronal disorders. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21: 21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200221999200728143511]
[114]
Kumari N, Daram N, Alam MS, Verma AK. Rationalizing the use of polyphenol nano-formulations in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets 2022; 21(10): 966-76.
[115]
Bhandari M, Raj S, Manchanda R, Alam MS. Review on natural bioactive products as radioprotective therapeutics: Present and past perspective. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23(14): 1721-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201023666220110104645] [PMID: 35016594]
[116]
Javed MN, Akhter MH, Taleuzzaman M, Faiyazudin M, Alam MS. Cationic nanoparticles for treatment of neurological diseases. In: Fundamentals of Bionanomaterials. Elsevier 2022; pp. 273-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824147-9.00010-8]
[117]
Kumar R, Dhamija G, Ansari JR, Javed MN, Alam MS. C-Dot nanoparticulated devices for biomedical applications. In: Nanotechnology. CRC Press 2022; pp. 271-99.
[118]
Bharti C, Alam MS, Javed MN, Khalid M, Saifullah FA, Manchanda R. Silica based nanomaterial for drug delivery. In: Nanomaterials Evolution and Advance Towards Therapeutic Drug Delivery. 2021; pp. (Part 2): 57-89.
[119]
Pandit J, Alam MS, Javed MN, Waziri A, Imam SS. Emerging roles of carbon nanohorns as sustainable nanomaterials in sensor, catalyst, and biomedical applications. Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology: Fundamentals, Developments and Applications 2023; 1-27.
[120]
Priya S S, S R S. Plant-based carbon dots are a sustainable alternative to conventional nanomaterials for biomedical and sensing applications. Nano Express 2024; 5(1): 012002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ad100c]
[121]
Melliti E, Mejri A, Alam MS, Ansari JR, Elfil H, Mars A. MNPs for remediation of toxicants and wastewater treatment. In: Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press. 2023; pp. 260-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003317319-11]
[122]
Devi L, Ansari TM, Alam MS, Kumar A, Kushwaha P. Metallic (Inorganic) Nanoparticles: Classification, Synthesis, Mechanism, and Scope InMetallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press 2024; pp. 1-21.
[123]
Kadian R, Pandit J, Bharti C, et al. Application of MNPs in targeted delivery and genetic manipulations. In: Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press 2024; pp. 45-69.
[124]
Alam MS, Javed MN, Ansari JR, Eds. Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003317319]
[125]
Alam MS, Javed MN, Alam MN, Ansari JR. Catalyst metallic nanoparticles: Types, mechanism, and trends. Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment 2024; 238-59.
[126]
Kumar M, Mehan N, Bhatt S, Alam MS, Gautam RK. Metallic nanoparticles for skins and photothermal therapy. Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment 2023; 185-208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003317319-8]
[127]
Kar B, Bose A, Roy S, et al. In vivo and in vitro toxicity study of metallic nanoparticles. In: Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press 2023; pp. 160-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003317319-7]
[128]
Alam MS, Garg M, Bhalla V, et al. Trends in theranostic applications of metallic nanoparticles. In: Metallic Nanoparticles for Health and the Environment. CRC Press 2024; pp. 121-59.
[129]
Kumar Sethiya N, Ghiloria N, Srivastav A, et al. Therapeutic potential of myricetin in the treatment of neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2023.
[PMID: 37461364]
[130]
Hooda N, Ahlawat A, Kumari P, Alam S, Ansari JR. Role of nanomedicine for targeted drug delivery in livestock: Future prospective. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023.
[131]
Saravanan M, Barik SK, MubarakAli D, Prakash P, Pugazhendhi A. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bacillus brevis (NCIM 2533) and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog 2018; 116: 221-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.038] [PMID: 29407231]
[132]
Shanmuganathan R, Karuppusamy I, Saravanan M, et al. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications-a comprehensive review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25(24): 2650-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190708185506] [PMID: 31298154]
[133]
Bapat RA, Chaubal TV, Joshi CP, et al. An overview of application of silver nanoparticles for biomaterials in dentistry. Mater Sci Eng C 2018; 91: 881-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.069] [PMID: 30033323]
[134]
Darroudi M, Hakimi M, Goodarzi E, Kazemi Oskuee R. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Green preparation, characterization and their cytotoxicity effects. Ceram Int 2014; 40(9): 14641-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.051]
[135]
Ivask A, ElBadawy A, Kaweeteerawat C, et al. Toxicity mechanisms in Escherichia coli vary for silver nanoparticles and differ from ionic silver. ACS Nano 2014; 8(1): 374-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn4044047] [PMID: 24341736]
[136]
Ramalingam B, Parandhaman T, Das SK. Antibacterial effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on surface ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties of gram-negative bacteria viz. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8(7): 4963-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b00161] [PMID: 26829373]
[137]
Jung WK, Koo HC, Kim KW, Shin S, Kim SH, Park YH. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74(7): 2171-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02001-07] [PMID: 18245232]
[138]
Kumar A, Pandey AK, Singh SS, Shanker R, Dhawan A. Engineered ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and DNA damage leading to reduced viability of Escherichia coli. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51(10): 1872-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.025] [PMID: 21920432]
[139]
Li M, Zhu L, Lin D. Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to Escherichia coli: Mechanism and the influence of medium components. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45(5): 1977-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es102624t] [PMID: 21280647]
[140]
Yamanaka M, Hara K, Kudo J. Bactericidal actions of a silver ion solution on Escherichia coli, studied by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71(11): 7589-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.11.7589-7593.2005] [PMID: 16269810]
[141]
Rehana D, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Rahiman AK. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using medicinally important plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89: 1067-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.101] [PMID: 28292015]
[142]
Das PE, Abu-Yousef IA, Majdalawieh AF, Narasimhan S, Poltronieri P. Green synthesis of encapsulated copper nanoparticles using a hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and assessment of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Molecules 2020; 25(3): 555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030555] [PMID: 32012912]
[143]
Rana A, Pathak S, Kumar K, et al. Multifaceted properties of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via mangifera indica and azadirachta indica plant extracts: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and non-linear optical investigations for sustainable agriculture applications. Materials Advances 2024.
[144]
Geetha R, Ashokkumar T, Tamilselvan S, Govindaraju K, Sadiq M, Singaravelu G. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their anticancer activity. Cancer Nanotechnol 2013; 4(4-5): 91-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12645-013-0040-9] [PMID: 26069504]
[145]
Wassie AT, Pandey DP, Bachheti A, Husen A, Vashishth DS, Bachheti RK. Use of green synthesized platinum nanoparticles for biomedical applications. In: Metal and Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Agricultural, Biomedical and Environmental Interventions. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore 2024; pp. 271-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7673-7_13]
[146]
Singhal M, Manchanda R, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Nimesh S, Gupta N. Design, synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica bark extract and its antibacterial application. ResearchGate
[147]
Sohail MF, Rehman M, Hussain SZ, et al. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by Neem extract as multi-facet therapeutic agents. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 59: 101911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101911]
[148]
Paragas DS, Cruz KDC, Fiegalan ER. Fermented Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves-metal nanoparticles and their insecticidal properties against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Indian J Sci Technol 2021; 14(17): 1338-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i17.631]
[149]
Nigatu T, Daniel S, Endalamaw G, Beyene P, Stina O. Cytotoxicity of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants used in traditional breast cancer treatment against breast-derived cell lines. J Med Plants Res 2019; 13(9): 188-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2019.6772]
[150]
Van Wilpe S, Koornstra R, Den Brok M, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase: A marker of diminished antitumor immunity. OncoImmunology 2020; 9(1): 1731942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1731942] [PMID: 32158624]
[151]
Shittu KO, Bankole MT, Abdulkareem AS, Abubakre OK, Ubaka AU. Application of gold nanoparticles for improved drug efficiency. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2017; 8(3): 035014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aa7716]
[152]
Golombek SK, May JN, Theek B, et al. Tumor targeting via EPR: Strategies to enhance patient responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130: 17-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.007] [PMID: 30009886]
[153]
Veiseh O, Sun C, Fang C, et al. Specific targeting of brain tumors with an optical/magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Res 2009; 69(15): 6200-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1157] [PMID: 19638572]
[154]
Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WCW. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 14(1): 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124] [PMID: 22524388]
[155]
Kikuchi T, Ishii K, Noto T, et al. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem). J Nat Prod 2011; 74(4): 866-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np100783k] [PMID: 21381696]
[156]
Asimuddin M, Shaik MR, Adil SF, et al. Azadirachta indica based biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. J King Saud Univ Sci 2020; 32(1): 648-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.09.014]
[157]
Dey A, Manna S, Chattopadhyay S, et al. Azadirachta indica leaves mediated green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through activation of TNF-α and caspases signaling pathway against cancer cells. J Saudi Chem Soc 2019; 23(2): 222-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2018.06.011]
[158]
Kannan VD, Jaisankar A, Rajendran V, et al. Ecofriendly bio-synthesis and spectral characterization of copper nanoparticles using fruit extract of Pedalium murex L.: in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities on human lung cancer A549 cell line. Mater Technol 2024; 39(1): 2286818.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2023.2286818]
[159]
Tehrani Nejad S, Rahimi R, Najafi M, Rostamnia S. Sustainable gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) growth within interspaces of porphyrinic zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks: Green synthesis of PCN-224/Au-NPs and its anticancer effect on colorectal cancer cells assay. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; acsami.3c15398.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c15398] [PMID: 38194287]
[160]
He J, Feizipour S, Veisi H, Amraii SA, Zangeneh MM, Hemmati S. Panax ginseng root aqueous extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles under ultrasound condition and investigation of the treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma with following the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Inorg Chem Commun 2024; 160: 112021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112021]
[161]
Alharbi NS, Alsubhi NS. Green synthesis and anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles prepared using fruit extract of Azadirachta indica. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 2022; 15(3): 335-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2022.08.009]
[162]
Kummara S, Patil MB, Uriah T. Synthesis, characterization, biocompatible and anticancer activity of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles – A comparative study. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84: 10-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.003] [PMID: 27621034]
[163]
Flora RMN, Palani S, Sharmila J, Chamundeeswari M. Green synthesis and optimization of zinc oxide quantum dots using the Box–Behnken design, with anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line. Appl Phys, A Mater Sci Process 2022; 128(4): 359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05466-4]
[164]
a)) Jayakodi S, Shanmugam R, Almutairi BO, et al. Azadirachta indica-wrapped copper oxide nanoparticles as a novel functional material in cardiomyocyte cells: An ecotoxicity assessment on the embryonic development of Danio rerio. Environ Res 2022; 212(Pt A): 113153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113153] [PMID: 35341753];
b)) Paciotti GF, Tamarkin L. Biological and engineering considerations for developing tumor-targeting metallic nanoparticle drugdelivery systems. InNanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems 2007; Mar 30: 141-58. CRC Press.]
[165]
Andleeb A, Andleeb A, Asghar S, et al. A systematic review of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles as a promising anti-cancer-strategy. In: Cancers 2021; 13(11): 2818.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112818] [PMID: 34198769]
[166]
Rai M, Ingle AP, Birla S, Yadav A, Santos CA. Strategic role of selected noble metal nanoparticles in medicine. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 42(5): 696-719.
[PMID: 26089024]
[167]
Singh A. Comparative therapeutic effects of plant-extract synthesized and traditionally synthesized gold nanoparticles on alcohol-induced inflammatory activity in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Biomedicines 2017; 5(4): 70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5040070] [PMID: 29244731]
[168]
Ouyang L, Shi Z, Zhao S, et al. Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif 2012; 45(6): 487-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00845.x] [PMID: 23030059]
[169]
Slavin YN, Asnis J, Häfeli UO, Bach H. Metal nanoparticles: Understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15(1): 65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-017-0308-z] [PMID: 28974225]
[170]
Sun T, Yan Y, Zhao Y, Guo F, Jiang C. Copper oxide nanoparticles induce autophagic cell death in A549 cells. Plos One 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043442]
[171]
De Stefano D, Carnuccio R, Maiuri MC. Nanomaterials toxicity and cell death modalities. J Drug Deliv 2012; 2012
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/167896]
[172]
Halamoda Kenzaoui B, Chapuis Bernasconi C, Guney-Ayra S, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Induction of oxidative stress, lysosome activation and autophagy by nanoparticles in human brain-derived endothelial cells. Biochem J 2012; 441(3): 813-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20111252] [PMID: 22026563]
[173]
Ghotekar S, Basnet P, Lin KYA, et al. Green synthesis of CeVO4 nanoparticles using Azadirechta indica leaves extract and their promising applications as an antioxidant and anticancer agent. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 2023; 106(3): 726-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06105-x]
[174]
Dutt Y, Pandey RP, Dutt M, et al. Silver nanoparticles phytofabricated through azadirachta indica: Anticancer, apoptotic, and wound-healing properties. Antibiotics 2023; 12(1): 121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010121] [PMID: 36671322]
[175]
Rani N, Rawat K, Saini M, et al. Comparative in vitro anticancer study of cisplatin drug with green synthesized zno nanoparticles on cervical squamous carcinoma (siha) cell lines. ACS Omega 2023.
[176]
Kumari SA, Patlolla AK, Madhusudhanachary P. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using azadirachta indica and their antioxidant and anticancer effects in cell lines. Micromachines 2022; 13(9): 1416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091416] [PMID: 36144039]
[177]
Rani N, Rawat K, Saini M, et al. Azadirachta indica leaf extract mediated biosynthesized rod-shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles for in vitro lung cancer treatment. Mater Sci Eng B 2022; 284: 115851.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2022.115851]
[178]
Bertrand N, Wu J, Xu X, Kamaly N, Farokhzad OC. Cancer nanotechnology: The impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66: 2-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.009] [PMID: 24270007]
[179]
Bae YH, Park K. Targeted drug delivery to tumors: Myths, reality and possibility. J Control Release 2011; 153(3): 198-205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.001] [PMID: 21663778]
[180]
Choi CHJ, Alabi CA, Webster P, Davis ME. Mechanism of active targeting in solid tumors with transferrin-containing gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107(3): 1235-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914140107] [PMID: 20080552]
[181]
Paciotti GF, Tamarkin L. Biological and engineering considerations for developing tumor-targeting metallic nanoparticle drug-delivery systems Nanoparticulate Drug Deliv Syst. CRC Press 2019; pp. 141-58.
[182]
Dong J, Tao L, Abourehab MAS, Hussain Z. Design and development of novel hyaluronate-modified nanoparticles for combo-delivery of curcumin and alendronate: Fabrication, characterization, and cellular and molecular evidences of enhanced bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116: 1268-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.116] [PMID: 29782984]
[183]
Sintov AC, Velasco-Aguirre C, Gallardo-Toledo E, Araya E, Kogan MJ. Metal nanoparticles as targeted carriers circumventing the blood–brain barrier. Int Rev Neurobiol 2016; 130: 199-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.007] [PMID: 27678178]
[184]
Waris A, Din M, Ali A, et al. Green fabrication of Co and Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review. Open Life Sci 2021; 16(1): 14-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0003] [PMID: 33817294]
[185]
Waris A, Din M, Ali A, et al. A comprehensive review of green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their diverse biomedical applications. Inorg Chem Commun 2021; 123: 108369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108369]
[186]
Dawoud M, Abourehab MAS, Abdou R. Monoolein cubic nanoparticles as novel carriers for docetaxel. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 56: 101501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101501]
[187]
Mody V, Siwale R, Singh A, Mody H. Introduction to metallic nanoparticles. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2010; 2(4): 282-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.72127] [PMID: 21180459]
[188]
Feng X, Chen A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shao L, Wei L. Central nervous system toxicity of metallic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10: 4321-40.
[PMID: 26170667]
[189]
Sriramoju B, Kanwar R, Kanwar J. Nanomedicine based nanoparticles for neurological disorders. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21(36): 4154-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140716095644] [PMID: 25039778]
[190]
Ayaz M, Ovais M, Ahmad I, Sadiq A, Khalil AT, Ullah F. Biosynthesized metal nanoparticles as potential Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics. In: InMetal nanoparticles for drug delivery and diagnostic applications. Elsevier 2020; pp. 31-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816960-5.00003-3]
[191]
Abdul W, Muhammad A, Atta Ullah K, Asmat A, Abdul B. Role of nanotechnology in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 during the Pandemi. Int J Clin Virol 2020; 4(1): 065-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijcv.1001017]
[192]
Shan D, Ma C, Yang J. Enabling biodegradable functional biomaterials for the management of neurological disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148: 219-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.004] [PMID: 31228483]
[193]
Muheem A, Jahangir MA, Jaiswal CP, et al. Recent patents, regulatory issues, and toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22(4): 263-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18755453MTEyjMzIn3] [PMID: 33305703]
[194]
Mall SK, Yadav T, Waziri A, Alam MS. Treatment opportunities with Fernandoa adenophylla and recent novel approaches for natural medicinal phytochemicals as a drug delivery system. Exploration of Medicine 2022; 3(6): 516-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/emed.2022.00111]
[195]
Hinglajia H, Prajapati B, Patel G. Targeting brain disorders using lipid-based formulations. In: Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Jenny Stanford Publishing 2024; pp. 549-90.
[196]
Majer J, Kindermann M, Pinkas D, Chvatil D, Cigler P, Libusova L. Cellular uptake and fate of cationic polymer-coated nanodiamonds delivering siRNA: A mechanistic study. Nanoscale 2024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D3NR05738K] [PMID: 38197438]
[197]
Katiyar S, Kumari S, Dev A, Tripathi RS, Srivastava PK, Mishra A. Herbal nanoparticles drug-loaded for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In: Nanoarchitectonics for Brain Drug Delivery. 2024; 266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032661964-12]
[198]
Koyya P, Manthari RK, Pandrangi SL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor–the protective agent against neurological disorders. In: CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets. Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders 2024.
[199]
Verma N, Sharma S, Thakur N, Kaur N, Dua K. Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease using metal nanocomposites. Metal Nanocomposites in Nanotherapeutics for Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic Disorders 2024; pp. 372-91.
[200]
Singh C, Singh K. Biosynthesis, purification and antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens. Int J Res Appl Sci Biotechnol 2017; 4(6): 1-8.
[201]
Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, et al. Nanotoxicity studies of Azadirachta indica mediated silver nanoparticles against Eudrilus eugeniae, Danio rerio and its embryos. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2023; 47: 102561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102561]
[202]
Phadke C, Dharmatti R, Sharon C, Mewada A, Bedekar M, Sharon M. Azadirachta indica (Neem) gum coated gold nanoparticles as nano-go-karts to dispatch haloperidol across blood-brain-barrier. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2016; 38: 167-72.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
27
2
Wayfinder Image
© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy