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Current Cancer Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0096
ISSN (Online): 1873-5576

Review Article

Insights into the Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Author(s): Magham Sai Varshini, Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy, Ramakamma Aishwarya Reddy, Ashish Wadhwani* and V.M. Chandrashekar

Volume 25, Issue 1, 2025

Published on: 21 February, 2024

Page: [3 - 25] Pages: 23

DOI: 10.2174/0115680096280750240123054936

Price: $65

Abstract

Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, is characterized by the non-appearance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Clinically, TNBC is marked by its low survival rate, poor therapeutic outcomes, high aggressiveness, and lack of targeted therapies. Over the past few decades, many clinical trials have been ongoing for targeted therapies in TNBC. Although some classes, such as Poly (ADP Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapies, have shown positive therapeutic outcomes, however, clinical effects are not much satisfiable. Moreover, the development of drug resistance is the major pattern observed in many targeted monotherapies. The heterogeneity of TNBC might be the cause for limited clinical benefits. Hence,, there is a need for the potential identification of new therapeutic targets to address the above limitations. In this context, some novel targets that can address the above-mentioned concerns are emerging in the era of TNBC therapy, which include Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1α), Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), β-Adrenergic Receptor (β-AR), Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs), and Cell Cycle Regulators. Currently, we summarize the ongoing clinical trials and discuss the novel therapeutic targets in the management of TNBC.

Keywords: Triple negative breast cancer, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tumour necrosis factor-α, β-adrenergic receptor, voltage gated sodium channels.

Graphical Abstract
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