Title:Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Composite Polymeric Scaffolds: A Review
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Author(s): Saideh Hemati, Mohsen Ghiasi and Ali Salimi*
Affiliation:
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords:
Osteogenic differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells, polymeric scaffolds, bone tissue engineering, adipose tissue, stem cells.
Abstract: The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the fundamental part of bone tissue engineering
for the emergence of reconstructive medicine. Bone tissue engineering has recently been considered
a promising strategy for treating bone diseases and disorders. The technique needs a scaffold
to provide an environment for cell attachment to maintain cell function and a rich source of
stem cells combined with appropriate growth factors. MSCs can be isolated from adipose tissue
(ASCs), bone marrow (BM-MSCs), or umbilical cord (UC-MSCs). In the present study, the potential
of ASCs to stimulate bone formation in composite polymeric scaffolds was discussed and it
showed that ASCs have osteogenic ability in vitro. The results also indicated that the ASCs have
the potential for rapid growth, easier adipose tissue harvesting with fewer donor site complications
and high proliferative capacity. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs varies due
to the culture medium and the addition of factors that can change signaling pathways to increase
bone differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression analysis has a significant impact on improving
our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in ASCs and, thus, osteogenic differentiation.
Adding some drugs, such as dexamethasone, to the biomaterial composite also increases the
formation of osteocytes. Combining ASCs with scaffolds synthesized from natural and synthetic
polymers seems to be an effective strategy for bone regeneration. Applying exopolysaccharides,
such as schizophyllan, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate in composite scaffolds enhances the osteogenesis
potential of ASCs in bone tissue regeneration.