Title:A Review on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Neurotransmitters, Biomarkers
and Pharmacotherapy
Volume: 1
Author(s): Manvi Singh, Sagarika Majhi*RajKumari Kataria
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
Keywords:
Obsessive compulsive-disorder, Biomarker, Interleukin, Neurological disorder, Pharmacotherapy, Neurotransmitter.
Abstract: Around 2.5% of persons will experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a significant morbidity. About 70% of individuals might
have significant symptom relief with the correct medicine. Pharmacological therapy is based on a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs). They are frequently given in higher doses and for longer durations compared to depression. Unfortunately, remission is not
common. Second-line therapy that combines tricyclic clomipramine with low-dose neuroleptics is successful. For patients who are resistant to
effective therapies, several augmentation procedures have been investigated, although they have not yet received strong support from controlled
research. Psychotherapy and medication are frequently combined, however, thorough research has not shown that there are any synergistic benefits
for adult patients. According to neuropsychological research, the development of OCD and cognitions is influenced by an imbalance in activity
between the fronto-striatal circuitry's direct (excitatory) and indirect (inhibitory) pathways. A variety of anxiolytic qualities have been found in
substances derived from plants that have been tested for various mental diseases. We did a detailed analysis of the pharmacological and clinical
evidence of herbal medications and phytochemicals with anti-obsessive-compulsive properties using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, etc.
to find out the status of the relevant research. The review is focused to identify the neurotransmitters involved in OCD along with the diagnostic
biomarkers so as to identify the disease at an early stage and provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy. The findings showed that a number of
plant remedies, comprising Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Hypericum perforatum, as well as a
number of natural compounds, including crocin, cannabidiol, and curcumin, have tentative low-quality evidence. The most important anti-OCD
mechanism, according to existing pre-clinical studies and the need for more research to confirm its efficacy, may include manipulating the
monoamine system, notably serotonin reuptake inhibition.