Title:Biomimetic Nanovaccines: A Novel Approach in Immunization
Volume: 29
Issue: 18
Author(s): Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini, Benjamin Babaei, Maryam Shakarami, Mahdis Mofidi, Zahra Tahershamsi, Tahura Fayeghi Arjmand, Amir Tajbakhsh and Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat*
Affiliation:
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine,
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity
(NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Munich, Germany
Keywords:
Biomimetic nanoparticles, nanovaccines, immunization, conventional vaccines, vaccine delivery, nano-based drug delivery system, adjuvants, cancer cell membranes.
Abstract: As the World Health Organization (WHO) declared, vaccines prevent an average of 2-3 million
deaths yearly from diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed
for eradicating the deadliest diseases, viz., types of cancer, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and
most serious microbial infections. Furthermore, scores of the existing vaccines have disadvantages, such as failure
to completely stimulate the immune system, in vivo instability, high toxicity, need for the cold chain, and
multiple administrations. Thus, good vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit adaptive immune responses.
In this line, the integration of sciences along with the use of various technologies has led to the emergence
of a new field in vaccine production called biomimetic nanovaccines (BNVs). Given that, nanotechnology can
significantly contribute to the design of such vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency.
Nanoparticles (NPs) and biomimetic NPs (BNPs) are now exploited as the main carriers for drug delivery systems,
especially BNPs, whose biological mimicry makes them escape the immune system and transport drugs
to the desired target. The drug accordingly seeks to camouflage itself with the help of NPs and the membranes
taken from cells in the human body, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and
cancer cells, for more effective and ideal delivery. As BNPs have recently become the center of attention in
vaccine design, this review deliberates on the advances in BNVs.
