The Role of Shear Stress in Coronary Artery Disease

Gerasimos      Siasos; Vasiliki      Tsigkou; Ahmet   Umit   Coskun; Evangelos      Oikonomou; Marina      Zaromitidou; Lilach   O.   Lerman; Amir      Lerman; Peter   H.   Stone
doi:10.2174/1568026623666230329085631
Abstract

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developed countries, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. Despite the advances in cardiology, there are yet many unanswered questions about the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. However, it has not been fully explained why some coronary artery plaques remain quiescent over time, whereas others evolve to a high-risk, “vulnerable” plaque with a predisposition to destabilize and induce a cardiac event. Furthermore, approximately half of the patients with acute coronary syndromes demonstrate no prior symptoms of ischemia or angiographically evident disease. Recent findings have indicated that apart from cardiovascular risk factors, genetics, and other unknown factors, local hemodynamic forces, such as endothelial shear stress, blood flow patterns, and endothelial dysfunction of the epicardial and microvascular coronary arteries, are associated with the progression of coronary plaque and the development of cardiovascular complications with complex interactions. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms that affect coronary artery plaque progression, indicating the importance of endothelial shear stress, endothelial dysfunction of epicardial and microvascular vessels, inflammation, and their complex associations, underlying in parallel the clinical perspectives of these findings.
Keywords: Endothelial shear stress, Coronary artery disease, Inflammation, Plaque progression, Coronary epicardial endothelial dysfunction, Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, Hemodynamics.
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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666230329085631	Print ISSN 1568-0266
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4294
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