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Current Cardiology Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

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Review Article

A Narrative Review of Emerging Therapies for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Author(s): Antonio da Silva Menezes Junior*, Ana Ligia Valeriano de Oliveira, Thais Aratak Maia and Silvia Marçal Botelho

Volume 19, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 31 March, 2023

Article ID: e240323214927 Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X19666230324102828

Price: $65

Abstract

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a hereditary condition that affects myocardial contraction. In case of failure of pharmacological treatment, alternative approaches might be used that include surgical myectomy, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation, and radiofrequency ablation. In respect of long-term advantages, surgical septal myectomy remains the therapy of choice for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Alcohol septal ablation has been considered an alternative to surgical myectomy, which confers the benefits of a shorter hospital stay, less discomfort, and fewer complications. However, only expert operators should perform it on carefully chosen patients. Further, radiofrequency septal ablation reduces the left ventricular outflow tract gradient and improves the NYHA functional class of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, despite complications like cardiac tamponade and atrioventricular block. Further research with a larger sample size is required to compare the radiofrequency approach with established invasive treatment methods for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Septal myectomy has low morbidity and mortality rates, making it the preferred procedure; however, the efficacy and morbidity remain debatable. Advances in invasive techniques, including percutaneous septal radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter myotomy, have provided alternative approaches for reducing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in patients who are not candidates for traditional surgical septal myectomy. Candidates for alcohol and radiofrequency septal ablation include patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, older adults, and those with multiple comorbidities.

Keywords: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, therapeutics, alcohol septal ablation, surgical myectomy, radiofrequency septal ablation, comorbidities.

Graphical Abstract

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