Title:Artificial Intelligence Assisted Fabrication of 3D, 4D and 5D Printed
Formulations or Devices for Drug Delivery
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Author(s): Kiran Singh Sharma*
Affiliation:
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Affiliated to Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,
Lucknow, Ghaziabad-201206, Uttar-Pradesh, India
Keywords:
3D printing, 4D printing, 5D printing, smart materials, shape changing, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence, solid freeform technology (SFF).
Abstract: 5D & 4D printings are an advanced version of 3D printing class and are one of the most
revolutionary and powerful fabrication methods used for preparing innovative structures and solid substances
using precise additive manufacturing technology. It captures the imagination of one with its
potential to produce flexible designing and fabrication of innovative products with high complexity and
speed. This technology with the assistance of AI (Artificial Intelligence) facilitates real-time sensing,
adapting to change, and predicting the state of printing. 3D printing works by employing advanced materials
utilizing a computer aided design with tomography scan under AI control which deposits printing
material in accordance with the nature of a file usually in STL format, but it requires time for printing.
This shortcoming can be overcome by 4D printing where smart materials are incorporated with time as
4th dimension. This technique has self-repair and self-assembly properties that will save around 80% of
time. Some printed materials are made sensitive to temperature, humidity, light, and other parameters so
that they can respond to stimulus, but it’s one limitation of not being able to print complex shapes having
curved surfaces can be overcome by utilising 5D printing where additive manufacturing is done by
rotation of extruder head and rotation of print bed to print in 5 different axes. This review evaluates the
prospective of these techniques with AI interference in medicine and pharmacy, with its effective and
efficient production for the required design precision.