Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Effects of Lunar Phases on Foot Temperature, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Author(s): Koena Bhattacharjee, Subhasish Pramanik, Sutanu Dutta Chowdhury*, Barnali Ray Basu and Lakshmi Kanta Mondal*

Volume 23, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 18 January, 2023

Page: [832 - 842] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666221205112054

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: It has been observed that the lunar phases alter the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was also reported to be associated with elevated foot temperature (FT), oxidative stress, and inflammation in T2DM subjects.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in FT, oxidative stress, and inflammation levels and assess the relationship of FT with oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory markers in T2DM subjects at different lunar phases.

Methods: The plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and dorsal and plantar surface temperatures of the feet by infrared dermal thermometer were measured in 88 randomly selected T2DM subjects at different lunar phases. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α).

Results: The FTs, MDA, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and G6PDH activity was significantly decreased in the new moon (NM) and full moon (FM) than in the third quarter (TQ) and first quarter (FQ) for both sexes. The FTs, MDA, and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated, whereas G6PDH activity was significantly negatively correlated with FPG at NM and FM in both sexes. The MFT was significantly positively correlated with MDA and TNF-α and significantly negatively correlated with G6PDH at NM and FM in T2DM subjects.

Conclusion: The lunar phases showed a prominent influence on the FT, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in T2DM subjects, which might be due to the existence of biological rhythm interaction with lunar electromagnetic radiations.

Keywords: Lunar phases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot temperature, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasma glucose.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Chakraborty, U. Effects of different phases of the lunar month on humans. Biol. Rhythm Res., 2014, 45(3), 383-396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2013.830508]
[2]
Cajochen, C.; Altanay-Ekici, S.; Münch, M.; Frey, S.; Knoblauch, V.; Wirz-Justice, A. Evidence that the lunar cycle influences human sleep. Curr. Biol., 2013, 23(15), 1485-1488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.029] [PMID: 23891110]
[3]
Komada, Y.; Sato, M.; Ikeda, Y.; Kami, A.; Masuda, C.; Shibata, S. The relationship between the lunar phase, menstrual cycle onset and sub-jective sleep quality among women of reproductive age. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2021, 18(6), 3245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245] [PMID: 33801068]
[4]
Benedict, C.; Franklin, K.A.; Bukhari, S.; Ljunggren, M.; Lindberg, E. Sex-specific association of the lunar cycle with sleep. Sci. Total Environ., 2022, 804150222
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150222] [PMID: 34520928]
[5]
Chakraborty, U.; Ghosh, T. A study on the physical fitness index, heart rate and blood pressure in different phases of lunar month on male human subjects. Int. J. Biometeorol., 2013, 57(5), 769-774.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-012-0605-z] [PMID: 23161271]
[6]
Dergaa, I.; Romdhani, M.; Fessi, M.S.; Ben Saad, H.; Varma, A.; Ben Salem, A.; Gadhavi, B.; Chaabane, M.; Souissi, N.; Hammouda, O. Does lunar cycle affect biological parameters in young healthy men? Chronobiol. Int., 2021, 38(6), 933-940.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2021.1897609] [PMID: 33779457]
[7]
Chowdhury, S.D.; Pramanik, S.; Bhattacharjee, K.; Mondal, L.K. Effects of lunar cycle on fasting plasma glucose, heart rate and blood pres-sure in type 2 diabetic patients. Chronobiol. Int., 2021, 38(2), 270-277.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1842754] [PMID: 33307847]
[8]
Payne, S.R.; Deardon, D.J.; Abercrombie, G.F.; Carlson, G.L. Urinary retention and the lunisolar cycle: Is it a lunatic phenomenon? BMJ, 1989, 299(6715), 1560-1562.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6715.1560] [PMID: 2514900]
[9]
Lieber, A.L.; Sherin, C.R. Homicides and the lunar cycle: Toward a theory of lunar influence on human emotional disturbance. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1972, 129(1), 69-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.129.1.69] [PMID: 5034186]
[10]
Froy, O. Metabolism and circadian rhythms--implications for obesity. Endocr. Rev., 2010, 31(1), 1-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0014] [PMID: 19854863]
[11]
Deshpande, A.D.; Harris-Hayes, M.; Schootman, M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Phys. Ther., 2008, 88(11), 1254-1264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080020] [PMID: 18801858]
[12]
Sims, D.; Keating, S.E.; DeVincentis, A.F. Bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers. J. Foot Surg., 1984, 23(2), 149-151.
[PMID: 6725864]
[13]
Papanas, N.; Papatheodorou, K.; Papazoglou, D.; Monastiriotis, C.; Maltezos, E. Foot temperature in type 2 diabetic patients with or without peripheral neuropathy. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2009, 117(1), 44-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1081498] [PMID: 18726865]
[14]
Sun, P.C.; Jao, S.H.E.; Cheng, C.K. Assessing foot temperature using infrared thermography. Foot Ankle Int., 2005, 26(10), 847-853.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070502601010] [PMID: 16221458]
[15]
Vinik, A.; Casellini, C.; Nevoret, M.L. Diabetic neuropathies. Endotext. Endotext, 2018. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279175/
[16]
Decroli, E.; Manaf, A.; Syahbuddin, S.; Syafrita, Y.; Dillasamola, D. The correlation between malondialdehyde and nerve growth factor se-rum level with diabetic peripheral neuropathy score. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., 2019, 7(1), 103-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.029] [PMID: 30740170]
[17]
Aydemir, D.; Ulusu, N.N. The possible role of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency in the polyneuropathies. J. Basic Clin. Health Sci., 2020, 4, 212-217.
[18]
Purwata, T. High TNF-alpha plasma levels and macrophages iNOS and TNF-alpha expression as risk factors for painful diabetic neuropathy. J. Pain Res., 2011, 4, 169-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S21751] [PMID: 21811392]
[19]
El-Sheikh, W.M.; Alahmar, I.E.; Salem, G.M. El-sheikh, Tumor necrosis factor alpha in peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Egypt. J. Neurol. Psychiat. Neurosurg., 2019, 55(37), 2-7.
[20]
Portaluppi, F.; Smolensky, M.H.; Touitou, Y. Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol. Int., 2010, 27(9-10), 1911-1929.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.516381] [PMID: 20969531]
[21]
Touitou, Y.; Portaluppi, F.; Smolensky, M.H.; Rensing, L. Ethical principles and standards for the conduct of human and animal biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int., 2004, 21(1), 161-170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CBI-120030045] [PMID: 15129830]
[22]
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(S1), s43-s48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.s1.06.s43] [PMID: 16373932]
[23]
Kei, S. Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1978, 90(1), 37-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(78)90081-5] [PMID: 719890]
[24]
Gatautis, V.J.; Pearson, K.H. Separation of plasma carotenoids and quantitation of β-carotene using HPLC. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1987, 166(2-3), 195-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(87)90422-0] [PMID: 3621600]
[25]
Sharma, S.; Singh, H.; Ahmad, N.; Mishra, P.; Tiwari, A. The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications. Arch. Endocrinol. Metab., 2015, 59(5), 391-399.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000098] [PMID: 26331226]
[26]
Sandireddy, R.; Yerra, V.G.; Areti, A.; Komirishetty, P.; Kumar, A. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy: futuristic strategies based on these targets. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2014, 2014, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/674987] [PMID: 24883061]
[27]
Giri, B.; Dey, S.; Das, T.; Sarkar, M.; Banerjee, J.; Dash, S.K. Chronic hyperglycemia mediated physiological alteration and metabolic distor-tion leads to organ dysfunction, infection, cancer progression and other pathophysiological consequences: An update on glucose toxicity. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2018, 107, 306-328.
[PMID: 30098549]
[28]
Vlassara, H.; Cai, W.; Crandall, J.; Goldberg, T.; Oberstein, R.; Dardaine, V.; Peppa, M.; Rayfield, E.J. Inflammatory mediators are induced by dietary glycotoxins, a major risk factor for diabetic angiopathy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2002, 99(24), 15596-15601.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.242407999] [PMID: 12429856]
[29]
Cameron, N.; Cotter, M. Pro-inflammatory mechanisms in diabetic neuropathy: focus on the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Curr. Drug Targets, 2008, 9(1), 60-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945008783431718] [PMID: 18220713]
[30]
Myers, R.R.; Campana, W.M.; Shubayev, V.I. The role of neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Drug Discov. Today, 2006, 11(1-2), 8-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03637-8] [PMID: 16478686]
[31]
Scholz, J.; Woolf, C.J. The neuropathic pain triad: Neurons, immune cells and glia. Nat. Neurosci., 2007, 10(11), 1361-1368.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1992] [PMID: 17965656]
[32]
Houghton, V.J.; Bower, V.M.; Chant, D.C. Is an increase in skin temperature predictive of neuropathic foot ulceration in people with diabe-tes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Foot Ankle Res., 2013, 6(1), 31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-31] [PMID: 23919736]
[33]
Bhargava, A.; Chanmugam, A.; Herman, C. Heat transfer model for deep tissue injury: a step towards an early thermographic diagnostic ca-pability. Diagn. Pathol., 2014, 9(1), 36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-9-36] [PMID: 24555856]
[34]
Gaweł, S.; Wardas, M.; Niedworok, E.; Wardas, P. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker. Wiad. Lek., 2004, 57(9-10), 453-455.
[PMID: 15765761]
[35]
Giacco, F.; Brownlee, M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ. Res., 2010, 107(9), 1058-1070.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545] [PMID: 21030723]
[36]
Xu, Y.; Osborne, B.W.; Stanton, R.C. Diabetes causes inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via activation of PKA, which con-tributes to oxidative stress in rat kidney cortex. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2005, 289(5), F1040-F1047.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00076.2005] [PMID: 15956780]
[37]
Gilmore, T.D.; Gerondakis, S. The c-rel transcription factor in development and disease. Genes Cancer, 2011, 2(7), 695-711.
[PMID: 22207895]
[38]
Raghavan, S.; Subramaniyam, G.; Shanmugam, N. Proinflammatory effects of malondialdehyde in lymphocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2012, 92(5), 1055-1067.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1211617] [PMID: 22956781]
[39]
Armstrong, D.G.; Holtz-Neiderer, K.; Wendel, C.; Mohler, M.J.; Kimbriel, H.R.; Lavery, L.A. Skin temperature monitoring reduces the risk for diabetic foot ulceration in high-risk patients. Am. J. Med., 2007, 120(12), 1042-1046.
[PMID: 18060924]
[40]
Mu, Z.P.; Wang, Y.G.; Li, C.Q.; Lv, W.S.; Wang, B.; Jing, Z.H.; Song, X.J.; Lun, Y.; Qiu, M.Y.; Ma, X.L. Association between tumor necrosis factor-α and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Mol. Neurobiol., 2017, 54(2), 983-996.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9702-z] [PMID: 26797519]
[41]
Bharara, M.; Cobb, J.E.; Claremont, D.J. Thermography and thermometry in the assessment of diabetic neuropathic foot: a case for furthering the role of thermal techniques. Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds, 2006, 5(4), 250-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734606293481] [PMID: 17088601]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
16
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy