Title:Neuroprotective Effects of Shogaol in Metals (Al, As and Pb) and High-fat
diet-induced Neuroinflammation and Behavior in Mice
Volume: 16
Author(s): Sara Ishaq, Sohana Siyar, Rabia Basri, Amna Liaqat, Armeen Hameed and Touqeer Ahmed*
Affiliation:
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Keywords:
Anxiety, neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier, heavy metals, shogaol, metabolic profile.
Abstract:
Background: Increased exposure of humans to toxic metals and high-fat diet (HFD)
consumption severely damages brain health. Natural plant extracts have shown huge potential to
treat multiple human diseases.
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Shogaol (an active
component of ginger) in neuroinflammation and behavioral paradigms in mice treated with
metals and HFD.
Methods: 8-11 weeks old male mice model was developed by giving a combination of metals,
i.e., Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Aluminum (Al), 25mg/kg each mixed in drinking water with
laboratory prepared HFD (40% fat) for a total duration of 72 days. Shogaol treated groups received
two doses (2mg/kg & 12mg/kg) of Shogaol along with metals and HFD. The biochemical
parameters, including body weights, blood glucose, and kidney and liver functions, were assessed
along with the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The expression analysis of neuroinflammatory
genes (TNF-α, IL-1β & GFAP) was performed using q-PCR in the hippocampus
and cortex. The exploratory and anxiety-like behavior was assessed using an open field test, and
depressive behavior was assessed through the forced swim test, while learning and memory were
assessed using the Morris water maze test and y-maze test.
Results: Shogaol (2mg/kg & 12mg/kg) treatment improved metabolic profile and reduced expression
of neuroinflammatory genes in the cortex and the hippocampus. Shogaol treatment improved
BBB integrity. Results of the behavioral analysis showed that Shogaol treatment (2mg/kg
& 12mg/kg) rescued behavioral impairment and improved anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: Shogaol treatment showed strong therapeutic potential in metals & HFD induced
neuroinflammation and improved cognitive functions; thus, can be considered a potential drug
candidate in the future.