Title:Current Trends in Immuno-Oncology
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Author(s): Tulsi Dipakbhai Patel, Venkata Gangadhar Vanteddu*Bawari Sweta*
Affiliation:
- Pharmacology R&D, Ribosome Research Centre Pvt Ltd., Kim Surat, 394110, Gujarat, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy,
Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida-201313, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Anti-tumor, immuno cancer therapy, tumor-immune response, immuno-oncology, cancer, anti-inflammatory therapy.
Abstract: Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy were the four basic kinds of
cancer treatment until recently. Immuno-oncology (IO), or the concept that cancer cells were
damaged by activating the body's immune system, has emerged and is explained as a unique and
crucial method for treating different cancers over the last decade. The US Food and Drug Administration
and the European Medicines Agency both approved this newly recognized way of
treating cancer in 2020. Within IO, different therapeutic classes have arisen, which are the subject
of this article. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently the most well-known therapeutic
class of immuno-oncology medications due to their amazing ability to show efficacy in a variety
of tumor types. Biomarkers were tested for different tumors like gastrointestinal cancer, whole
Head, lower and upper part Neck cancer, and also cervical cancer by programmed death-ligand 1
(PD-L1) check point and their targets and are currently being utilized prior to treatment by using
Pembrolizumab. However, the significance of PD-L1 expression for immune check point reticence
therapy in other/different onco-cancer types remains unclear. Homogenized immuneoncology
drugs with regular therapy have been recently studied and clinical efficacy outcomes
have shown to be significantly improved. While IO agents are fast transforming the marketed
treatment for cancer patients, there are still a number of obstacles to overcome in terms of associating
their adverse effects and confirming those different healthcare systems, such as financing
these expensive therapies. In addition to cancer vaccines and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell
treatments, other IO drugs are in pipeline containing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies;
earlier ones have their own set of toxicities and high cost related challenges.