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Review Article

A Comprehensive Description of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 2α Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Mini-review

Author(s): Hongyuan Lu, Yan Zhu, Wenwu Liu, Yuanyuan Yan, Xiaowen Jiang, Qinbiao Wang, Yanyun Zhao, Miao He* and Minjie Wei*

Volume 30, Issue 25, 2023

Published on: 18 November, 2022

Page: [2835 - 2849] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220829095334

Price: $65

Abstract

Targeting the tumor microenvironment is a promising strategy to prevent metastasis, overcome acquired drug resistance, and improve the therapeutic effect. Hypoxia is one of the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, which is mainly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) including HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, of which HIF-2α has assumed a more important role in tumor hypoxia environment. It has been demonstrated that HIF-2α plays an important role in tumor diseases, including renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer, among others. Therefore, targeting HIF-2α has become one of the important strategies for treating cancers. HIF-2α inhibitors can be divided into two categories: specific inhibitors and non-specific inhibitors. The former includes synthetic monomer compounds and traditional Chinese medicine extracts. In this review, we summarized, classified, and discussed current research on the structure, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacology of HIF-2α inhibitors, which is helpful to the rational design of effective drugs for various types of malignant tumors.

Keywords: HIF-2α inhibitors, cancers, structure-activity relationship (SAR), hypoxia, pharmacological activities, structural modification.

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