Title:Electrochemical Aptasensors for Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Detection
Volume: 29
Issue: 37
Author(s): Edyta Mikuła*, Jaroslav Katrlík and Ligia R. Rodrigues
Affiliation:
- Department of Biosensors, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease, biomarkers detection, early diagnosis, electrochemical aptasensors, surface modification, aptamers.
Abstract:
Background: Biomarkers are characteristic molecules that can serve as indicators
of biological process status or condition; here, they are being studied with special relevance
to Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder
very difficult to study given the site of pathology and due to a clinical phenotype that
fluctuates over time. Currently, there is no definitive diagnostic test for Parkinson’s Disease;
thus, clinicians hope that the detection of crucial biomarkers will help in the symptomatic
and presymptomatic diagnostics and provide surrogate endpoints to demonstrate
the clinical efficacy of new treatments.
Methods: Electrochemical aptasensors are excellent analytical tools that are used in the
detection of PD biomarkers, as they are portable, easy to use, and perform real-time analysis.
Results: In this review, we discuss the most important clinical biomarkers for PD, highlighting
their physiological role and function in the disease. Herein, we review, for the
first time, innovative aptasensors for the detection of current potential PD biomarkers
based on electrochemical techniques and discuss future alternatives, including ideal analytical
platforms for point-of-care diagnostics.
Conclusion: These new tools will be critical not only in the discovery of sensitive, specific,
and reliable biomarkers of preclinical PD, but also in the development of tests that can
assist in the early detection and differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders and in
monitoring disease progression. Various methods for fixing aptamers onto the sensor surfaces,
enabling quantitative and specific PD biomarker detection present in synthetic and
clinical samples, will also be discussed.