Title:A Focused Review on Molecular Signalling Mechanisms of Ginsenosides Anti-Lung
Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Author(s): Dae-Hyo Jung, Jinnatun Nahar, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Esrat Jahan Rupa, Zelika Mega Ramadhania, Yaxi Han, Deok-Chun Yang*Se Chan Kang*
Affiliation:
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do
17104, Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
Keywords:
Panax ginseng, ginsenosides, anti-lung cancer, anti-inflammation, signalling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Abstract:
Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a cultivated medicinal herb that has been widely available
in the Asian region since the last century. Ginseng root is used worldwide in Oriental medicine. Currently, the global
mortality and infection rates for lung cancer and inflammation are significantly increasing. Therefore, various preventative
methods related to the activity of ginsenosides have been used for lung cancer as well as inflammation.
Methods: Web-based searches were performed on Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. A cancer statistical
analysis was also conducted to show the current ratio of affected cases and death from lung cancer around the world.
Results: Ginsenosides regulate the enzymes that participate in tumor growth and migration, such as nuclear factor
kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signalregulated
kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the gelatinase network metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2/9) and activator protein 1 (AP-1).
In addition, ginsenosides also possess anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines
(tumor necrosis factor-α) (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and controlling the activities of inflammatory
signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, Janus kinase2/signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3).
Conclusion: In several in vitro and in vivo models, P. ginseng showed potential beneficial effects in lung cancer and
inflammation treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed and up-to-date summary of research evidence for antilung
cancer and anti-inflammatory protective effects of ginsenosides and their potential molecular mechanisms.