Title:Overview on Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP): A Potential
Target for Diabetes Intervention
Volume: 23
Issue: 7
Author(s): Rajesh Basnet*, Til Bahadur Basnet, Buddha Bahadur Basnet and Sandhya Khadka
Affiliation:
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Keywords:
TXNIP, β-cells, DM, FOXO1, ChREBP, insulin.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a
persistent increment of blood glucose. Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell
dysfunction. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production
and loss of pancreatic β-cells.
Objective: Recent studies have shown that high glucose can significantly up-regulate the expression
of the TXNIP. Overexpression of TXNIP in β-cells not only induced apoptosis but also decreased
the production of insulin. At the same time, TXNIP deficiency protected the apoptosis of β-cells,
leading to increased insulin production. Therefore, finding small molecules that can modulate
TXNIP expression and downstream signalling pathways is essential. Thus, the inhibition of TXNIP
has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and other tissues such as the heart and the kidney
in DM. Therefore, DM treatment must target small TXNIP activity, inhibit expression, and
promote endogenous cell mass and insulin production.
Conclusion: This review briefly describes the effect mechanism, regulatory mechanism, and crystal
structure of TXNIP. In addition, we highlight how TXNIP signalling networks contribute to diabetes
and interact with drugs that inhibit the development often and its complexes. Finally, the current
status and prospects of TXNIP targeted therapy are also discussed.
