Title:Monoclonal Antibodies and their Target Specificity Against
SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Perspectives and Challenges
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Author(s): Mohammed A. Bakkari, Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni*, Muhammad Hadi Sultan and Osama A. Madkhali
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, immune mechanism, cytokine storm, monoclonal antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, glycoprotein.
Abstract: The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antigenic
systems. The virus enters via nasopharynx, oral and infects cells by the expression
of the spike protein, and enters the lungs using the angiotensin-converting
enzyme-2 receptor. The spectrum of specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2
virus infection is increasingly challenging as frequent mutations have been reported
and their antigen specificity varies accordingly. The development of monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs) will have a more significant advantage in suppressing
SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity. Recently, mAbs have been developed to target included
specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use
of the therapeutic index of mAbs that can elicit neutralization by binding to the
viral spike protein and suppress the cytokine network is a classic therapeutic approach
for a potential cure. The development of mAbs against B-cell function as
well as inhibition of the cytokine network has also been a focus in recent research.
Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mAbs as antibody cocktail
preparations against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Target specific therapeutic accomplishment
with mAbs, a milestone in the modern therapeutic age, can be
used to achieve a specific therapeutic strategy to suppress SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.
This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the cytokine network
and antibody formation to better understand the development of mAbs against
SARS- CoV-2 infection along with recent patents.
