Title:Tremor and Rigidity in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Emphasis on
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Contributing Factors
Volume: 21
Issue: 7
Author(s): Shivam Kumar, Lav Goyal and Shamsher Singh*
Affiliation:
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease (PD), PD diagnosis, tremor dominant (TD), rigidity, tremor dominant, snpc.
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative movement disorder
after Alzheimer’s disease, involving 2-3% of the population aged above 65 years. This is
mainly triggered by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons located in substantia nigra pars compacta
(SNpc) in the region of basal ganglia. At present, diagnosis for symptoms of PD is clinical, contextual,
unspecified and therapeutically incomprehensive. Analysis of various causes of PD is essential
for an accurate examination of the disease. Among the different causes, such as tremors and
rigidity, unresponsiveness to the current treatment approach contributes to mortality. In the present
review article, we describe various key factors of pathogenesis and physiology associated with tremors
and rigidity necessary for the treatment of PI (postural instability) in patients with PD. Additionally,
several reports showing early tremor and rigidity causes, particularly age, cortex lesions,
basal ganglia lesions, genetic abnormalities, weakened reflexes, nutrition, fear of fall, and altered
biomechanics, have been explored. By summarizing the factors that contribute to the disease, histopathological
studies can assess rigidity and tremor in PD. With a clear understanding of the contributing
factors, various prospective studies can be done to assess the incidence of rigidity and tremors.
