Title:Aqueous Extract of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola Synergistically Enhances Hippocampal-hypothalamic Glutamate and Na+ /K+ -ATPase Activity in Male Wistar Rats
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Author(s): Kehinde S. Olaniyi*, Isaiah W. Sabinari, Adesola A. Oniyide, Nifesimi T. Akinnagbe, Toluwani B. Agunbiade and Oluwole O. Alese
Affiliation:
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Keywords:
Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, glutamate, hippocampus, hypothalamus, Neurocognitive derailment.
Abstract:
Background: The incidence of cognitive decline has been proposed to rise exponentially
in the coming years. Therapies targeting molecular pathways involved in the enhancement of memory
and energy regulation could be a major breakthrough in the prevention or management of dementia
in susceptible populations.
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida (AECONS) and
Garcinia kola (AEGAK) on glutamate level and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and
hypothalamus of male Wistar rats.
Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (170-200) were randomly allotted into groups (n=5/group); control
(distilled water p.o.), AECONS1 (200 mg/kg), AECONS2 (400 mg/kg), AEGAK1 (200
mg/kg), AEGAK2 (400 mg/kg), AECONS1+AEGAK1 and AECONS2+AEGAK2. The extract
was prepared and the administration was done daily for 6 weeks.
Results and Discussion: Administration of AECONS or AEGAK increased plasma, hippocampal
and hypothalamic glutamate, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NO, SOD except hippocampal glutamate in
AECONS1/AEGAK1, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and SOD in AEGAK1, hypothalamic glutamate
and SOD in AECONS1 when compared with control. Besides, MDA level decreased in AEGAK2
and hippocampal but not hypothalamic MDA decreased in AEGAK1 compared with control. However,
concomitant administration of AECONS and AEGAK enhanced plasma, hippocampal and hypothalamic
biomarkers except hypothalamic MDA level. The present study demonstrates that AECONS
and AEGAK synergistically enhance hippocampal and hypothalamic glutamate and Na+/K+-
ATPase activity, which are accompanied by NO and SOD-dependent antioxidant enrichment.
Conclusion: These findings, therefore, suggest that AECONS+AEGAK could be a better therapeutic
candidate in hippocampal-hypothalamic-related neurodegenerative diseases.
