Title:Pathogenesis and Immune Status in COVID-19 Pneumonia - A Minireview
Volume: 2
Issue: 9
Author(s): George Laylson da Silva Oliveira*, Nidia Aparecida Martines and Joelma da Costa Barbosa Oliveira
Affiliation:
- Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte - MT, 78520-000, Guarantã do Norte Campus,Brazil
Keywords:
COVID-19, hypercytokinemia, immune status, novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, pneumonia.
Abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which was isolated in January 2020, emerged as
a result of natural evolution and has already infected millions of people around the world due to its
extensive human-to-human transmission capacity. Highlighting the clinical manifestations, pathology
and immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, this review study was conducted
through a comprehensive bibliographic search of academic papers that are available online
at the following databases Science Direct, Pub Med, ACS Publications, Nature, BioRxiv and MedRxiv.
According to the analyzed works, people infected with SARS-CoV-2 may display fever and
dry cough as the main clinical symptoms and they may also present breathing difficulty, muscle
pain (myalgia), chills, lack of appetite, fatigue, sore throat, altered consciousness, diarrhea, vomiting,
nasal discharge and syncope. When considering the immune status of patients with
COVID-19, it is highlighted that hypercytokinemia contributes to the severity that can even result
in death. Lymphopenia is the most frequent prognosis described in cases of COVID-19. Thus, a detailed
understanding of the specific inflammatory pathways that result in the pathology of
COVID-19 is crucial for the immediate development of clinical therapeutic approaches.
