Title:Acute Myocardial Infarction in Systemic Mastocytosis: Case Report With Literature Review on the Role of Inflammatory Process in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Author(s): Ayman Battisha*, Khalid Sawalha, Bader Madoukh, Omar Sheikh, Karim Doughem, Mohammad Al-Akchar, Mohammed Al-Sadawi and Shakil Shaikh
Affiliation:
- University of Massachusetts Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA 01107,United States
Keywords:
SM, electrocardiogram, subclinical hypothyroidism, patient, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome.
Abstract: Background: Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) is a disorder of excessive mast cell infiltration
in multiple organ tissues. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for developing acute coronary
syndrome. In addition to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, inflammation plays an important
role in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture and activating the thrombosis cascade. The Mast cells
contribution to plaque destabilization has been well established in multiple animal and human studies.
In a recent study, SM has been proven to be associated with a higher incidence of acute coronary
syndrome even with lower plasma lipids levels. The study showed that 20% of patients with
SM had cardiovascular events compared to only 6% in the control group with adjustment to all cardiac
risk factors.
Case: We presented a patient with no risk factors for heart disease other than old age and history of
SM who developed acute myocardial infarction.
Conclusion: SM can be life-threatening and can result in ACS, anaphylactic reaction, syncope, or
cardiac arrest. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
occurrence in the setting of inflammatory conditions, such as SM and KS, and vice versa, where
SM should be considered or ruled out in patients who suffer from anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest or
myocardial infarction.
