Editor-in-Chief:

Khurshid Zaman
Bentham Science Publishers

Associate Editors:

Dieter Kabelitz
Institute of Immunology
Kiel University School of Medicine
Kiel, Germany


Atli Thorarensen
Medicinal Chemistry Pfizer
Cambridge, MA
USA



Regional Editor:

Norman C. Waters
Malaria Drug Discovery
Australian Army Malaria Institute
Enoggera, Australia

Editorial Advisory Board:

C. Abad-Zapatero (Abbott Laboratories, Abott Park, IL, USA)
B. Agrawal (University of Alberta, Alberta, AB, Canada)
J.N. Agrewala (Inst. of Microbial Tech., Chandigarh, India)
J.A.G. Agundez (University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain)
C.A. Akdis (Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland)
S. Alfieri (Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy)
J.L. Alonso-Lebrero (Industrial Farmaceutica Cantabria S.A., Madrid, Spain)
L. Amaral (Inst. Hyg & Trop Med., Lisbon, Portugal)
O. Andersen (Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark)
S.J. Antony (Texas Tech. Univ. Hlth. Sci. Ctr., El Paso, TX, USA)
G.D. Armstrong (University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada)
S.K. Arora (PGIMER, Chandigarh, India)
F. van Bambeke (Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium)
D.C. Baumgart (Virchow Hospital Charite Medical Center, Berlin, Germany)
P. Bean (Rogers Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA)
J. Beeson (Walter and Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Res., Victoria, Australia)
I. Berdicevsky (Technion, Haifa, Israel)
P.L. Bhalla (The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia)
R.A. Blackwood (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
G. Bonfiglio (Universita di Catania - C.E.A., Catania, Italy)
T. Bowlin (Microbiotix, Inc., Worcester, MA, USA)
F.S. Buckner (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA)
M. Bukrinsky (The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA)
P. Bulet (Atheris laboratories, Geneva, Switzerland)
O. Burkhardt (Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany)
M. Cairns (The University of Newcastle, Sydney NSW, Australia)
S.M. Campo (N.R. Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy)
M.A.R.B. Castanho (Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal)
M. Cazzola (AORNA Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy)
P.K.S. Chan (The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)
P. Chandrasekar (Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA)
R. Chaturvedi (Inst.of Genomics & Integ. Biol, Delhi, India)
X. Chen (Los Alamos Natl. Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA)
Y. Chen (CytoGenix, Inc., Houston, TX, USA)
Q. Cheng (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA)
K. Chibale (University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa)
S. Chimenti (Univ. of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy)
M. Choudhry (Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA)
A. Condino-Neto (University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil)
J.R. Condomines (Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain)
C. Cooper (The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada)
K. Copeland (Ottawa Health Res. Inst. Center, Ottawa, ON, Canada)
R. Corbau (Pfizer Limited, Kent, UK)
M.P. Costi (Università degli Studi di Modena, Modena, Italy)
P. Cotelle (University of Lille, Lille, France)
S. Crowe (Macfarlane Burnet Inst. Med. Res. and Pub. Hlth, Melbourne, Australia)
S. Cuzoccrea (University of Messina, Gazzi, Italy)
U. D'Alessandro (Inst. Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium)
S. Das (University of Warwick, Coventry, UK)
J. Dastych (Ctr. Med. Bio. Polish Acad. Sci, Lodz, Poland)
M.P. Deonarain (Imperial College London, London, UK)
M.V.N. de Souza (Inst. de Tec. em Farma.-Far Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
J. Deval (McGill University AIDS Center, Montreal, QC, Canada)
D.J. Diamond (City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA)
J. Dietrich (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA)
R. Di Santo (Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy)
R. Durand (MCU-PH, Bobigny, France)
V.G. Duschak (Instituto Nacional de Parasitologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
E.S.T. Egito (Federal Univ. Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil)
M.A. ElSohly (ElSohly Lab., Inc. (ELI), Oxford, MS, USA)
B. Fang (The Univ. of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA)
P.W. de Feiter (University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands)
J.M.P. de la Lastra (Spanish Research Council, Ronda Toledo, Spain)
M.E. Ferrero (University of Milan, Milan, Italy)
L.M. Fidalgo (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Marianao, Cuba)
H.E. Finkelman (Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel)
S. Fiorucci (University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy)
J.I. Flock (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden)
S. Francesco (Menarini IFR Srl., Firenze, Italy)
P.P.E. Freestone (University of Leicester, Leicester, UK)
T. Fukao (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan)
A. Galal (University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA)
S. Galbavy (St. Elisabeth University of Public Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovakia)
Z. Ge (M. I. T, Cambridge, MA, USA)
U.W. Geisthoff (University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany)
S. Gerondakis (The Walter and Eliza Hall Inst. Med. Res., Parkville, Australia)
E.L. Ghisalberti (Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia)
C. Gokbulut (University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey)
J. Goncalves (University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal)
M.D. Grant (Memorial Univ. of New Foundland, St. John's, Canada)
Y. Gueguen (CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France)
J.-P Guggenbichler (Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany)
R.F. Guo (Univ. of Michigan Med. Sch., Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
A. Hasan (KCL Dental Institute, London, UK)
P.M. Heegaard (Danish Ins. of Food and Vet. Res., Copenhagen, Denmark)
P.W.M. Hermans (Radboud Univ. Nijmegen Med. Ctr., Nijmegen, The Netherlands)
J.R. Hernace (Institut d'Alta Techologia-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain)
J.S. Hibbard (J & A Companies, L.L.C, Leawood, KS, USA)
P.-R. Hsueh (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan)
J.M. Irache (University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, Spain)
K. Izuhara (Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan)
R. Jain (Natl. Inst.of Pharm. Edu. & Res., Punjab, India)
A. Jeurissen (GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium)
N. Jing (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA)
L.B. Johnson (St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA)
H.C. Joshi (Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA)
A. Kaji (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA)
E. Kantharaj (S*Bio Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore)
J.R. Kanwar (Deakin University, Victoria, Australia)
R.K. Kanwar (Deakin University, Victoria, Australia)
J.-H. Kao (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan)
S. Kapil (College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA)
T. Kasama (Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Japan)
M. Kato (Gunma Children's Medical Center, Hokkitsu, Japan)
C. Kelly (King's College London, London, UK)
J. Kim (Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea)
L.M. Khachigian (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
M. Kidwai (University of Delhi, Delhi, India)
K.B. Kilunga (US Army Med. Res. Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya)
H. Kimura (National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan)
C.J. Kirschning (Technische Universität München, München, Germany)
B. Klebl (GPC Biotech AG, Martinsried, Germany)
K. Klump (Roche Palo Alto LLC, Palo Alto, CA, USA)
K. Kobayashi (Natl. Inst. of Infect. Diseases, Tokyo, Japan)
M. Konaklieva (American University, Washington, DC, USA)
K. Konstantopoulos (Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece)
B.E. Korba (Georgetown University Medical Center, Rockville, MD, USA)
I. Kostova (Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria)
A. Koul (Johnson & Johnson Pharm. Res. & Develop, Beerse, Belgium)
J. Koyama (Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan)
V. Krcméry (Sanct Elizabeth Univ. of Health & Social Work, Bratislava, Slovakia)
T.F. Kresina (SAMHSA, Rockville, MD, USA)
R. Kumar (University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada)
M. Kutzler (Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA)
Y.L. Kwong (Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China)
S.F. Lacey (Beckman Res. Inst. City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA)
L. Lang (The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China)
D. Langford (University of California, San Diego, CA, USA)
D.-K. Lee (Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea)
S.H. Lee (University fo Myongji, Seoul, Korea)
V.J. Lee (Adesisn, Inc., New Castle, DE, USA)
F. Leroux (University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France)
S.-Y. Li (Research and Diagnostic Center, Taipei, Taiwan)
A.J. Lin (Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res., Siver Spring, MD, USA)
C.-L. Lin (Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan)
C.-H. Liu (National Taiwan University Hospital, Douliou, Taiwan)
D. Liu (Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, USA)
H. Liu (University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK)
G. Luo (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA)
L. Maes (Antwerp University, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium)
J.L. Magnani (GlycoMimetics, Inc.,Gaithersburg, MD, USA)
C. Maier (Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)
M. Makhija (West Australian Biomed. Res. Inst., Perth, Australia)
H. Maltezou (University of Athens, Athens, Greece)
M. Manoharan (Univ. of Miami Sch. of Med., Miami, FL, USA)
A. Manzin (Azienda Ospedaliera Umberto I, Ancona, Italy)
D. Martin (Corporation ID Biomedical du Québec, Laval, Canada)
R. Martinez (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, Mexico)
K.N. Masihi (Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany)
G. Matarese (Universita di Napoli, Napoli, Italy)
M. Matsumoto (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Otsuka, Japan)
G. McFadden (Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada)
M. McKeage (University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand)
D. McManus (The Queensland Inst. of Med. Res, Brisbane, Australia)
N.A. Meanwell (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA)
A. Meinke (InterCell-AG, Vienna, Austria)
T. Meinnel (CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
A. Meisel (Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany)
T. Mietzner (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA)
S. Misra (King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India)
G.D. Morse (University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA)
R.P. Munhoz (Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil)
K.M. Muraleedharan (Indian Inst. Tech. Madras, Chennai, India)
K. Murakami (Oita University, Oita, Japan)
S. Murthy (Drexel Univ. Coll. of Med, Philadelphia, PA, USA)
A.S. Mustafa (Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait)
V. Nagaraja (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India)
Y. Najajreh (Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine)
M. Nelson (Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, MA, USA)
H.B. Neto (Federal Univ. of Sáo Paulo, Sáo Paulo, Brazil)
F. Nicoletti (University of Catania, Catania, Italy)
P. Nordmann (Hopital de Bicetre, Le-Kremlin-Bicetre, France)
V. Norris (University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)
J.D. Nosanchuk ( Albert Einstein College of Med., New York, NY, USA)
A. Nostro (University of Messina, Messina, Italy)
S. Nwaka (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland)
S.I. Ofoefule (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria)
Y. Okayama (Nihon University Grad. School of Medical Sci., Tokyo, Japan)
A. Omri (Laurentian University,Ontario, ON, Canada)
O.E. Orisakwe (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria)
M. Otto (The National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA)
P. Panigrahi (Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD, USA)
G. Pappas (University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece)
M.V. Patel (Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad, India)
R.B. Perni (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA)
T. Phan (University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA)
D.A. Phoenix (University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK)
P.P. Piccaluga (University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy)
L. Piddock (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK)
G. Piedimonte (West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA)
S. Pournaras (University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece)
M.N. Preobrazhenskaya (Gause Inst. of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia)
A.M. Pretorius (Natl. Hlth. Lab. Services, Bloemfontein, South Africa)
F. Puig-Basagoiti (IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain)
B.-Y. Rahamim (Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel)
I. Rahman (University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA)
A. Rahman (University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA)
C.R. Rodrigues (Univ. Federal Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
J.B. Rodriguez (University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
A.J. Rodriguez-Morales (Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela)
P.D. Roepe (Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA)
D.H. Rubin (Vanderbilt Univ. Med. Ctr., Nashville, TN, USA)
M.T. Rugeles (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia)
S. Rupp (Fraunhofer IGB, Stuttgart, Germany)
S. Rusconi (University of Milan, Milan, Italy)
G. Ruthel (U.S. Army Med. Res. & Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA)
E. Sablon (Innogenetics R&D, Gent, Belgium)
K. Sakaguchi (Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Japan)
V. Savini (Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy)
M. Salzet (Univiversity of Lille, Lille, France)
N.C. Santos (College of Medicine of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal)
Y. Sanz (Inst. Agrochemistry and Food Tech., Valencia, Spain)
G. Saracco (Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy)
J.-C. Schmit (Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
G. Schwartsmann (Federal Univ. Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil)
T. Sebastian (University Medical Center, Mississippi, MS, USA)
Y. Shai (The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel)
H.L. Sham (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA)
V. Sharma (Washington Univ. Med. Sch., St. Louis, MO, USA)
M.S. Sheikh (State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA)
P.-Y. Shi (State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA)
Y. Shi (Hawley & Hazel Ltd. Co., Guangdong, China)
R. Siegel (Critical Care Center, Bronx, NY, USA)
R.D. Sindelar (The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada)
C. Singh (Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India)
Y. Singh (Inst. Genomics and Integrative Biol., Delhi, India)
P.P. Singh (Nat. Inst. Pharm. Educ. and Res., Nagar, India)
M. Skrzypski (Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland)
A.F. Shorr (Walter Reed Army Med. Ctr., Washington, DC, USA)
A. El Solh (University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA)
A.P. Sommer (University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany)
F. Sorgel (Inst. Biomed. / Pharma. Res., Nurnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany)
V. Soriano (Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain)
R.A. Spanjaard (Boston Univ. Sch. of Med., Boston, MA, USA)
D. Sriram (Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India)
I. Starakis (Patras University Hospital, Patras , Greece)
J. Stebbing (The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK)
J. Stech (Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany)
C. Steininger (Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Vienna, Austria)
L. Strekowski (Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA)
C. Suankratay (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand)
C.J. Suckling (University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK)
J. Sutcliffe (Rib-X Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA)
Y. Tajima (Tokyo Medical & Dental Univ., Tokyo, Japan)
H. Takaku (Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan)
B.K.H. Tan (National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore)
S.-L. Tan (Amgen, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA)
W. Thomas (University of Western Australia, West Perth, Australia)
H. Tomioka (Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan)
T.R. Tong (Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China)
A. Torres (Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
E. Toussirot (University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France)
V. Travagli (Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy)
N.M. Tsuji (Natl. Inst. Adv. Ind. Sci. and Tech., Ibaraki, Japan)
Y. Urade (Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka, Japan)
I.M. Velissariou (Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece)
V. Venketaraman (Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA)
A.A. Vernon (Clinical and Hlth. Sys. Res. Br., Atlanta, GA, USA)
V.M. Victor (University of Valencia,Valencia, Spain)
J.-L. Vincent (Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium)
R.J. Visalli (Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, USA)
U. Von Ahsen (Biovertis, Vienna, Austria)
R. Wallis (UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA)
J. Walochnik (Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)
J.-Y. Wang (National Chen-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan)
L.-X. Wang (University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA)
P. Wang (Pharmasset, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA)
M. Wasfy (U.S. Naval Med. Res., Cairo, Egypt)
J.M. Weinberg (Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA)
G. Weiss (Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria)
R. Whitley (Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA)
B. Wilkinson (Biotica, Little Chesterford, UK)
J.Z. Wu (Valeant Pharm. International, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA)
J. Xie (Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China)
Z.Q. Xu (Advanced Life Sciences, Inc., Woodridge, IL, USA)
H. Yamada (Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan)
B. Yan (Shandong University, Shandong, China)
D. Yang (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada)
O. Yang (UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA)
S.-D. Yang (National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan)
K. Ye (University of Arkansas, Fyatteville, AR, USA)
S. Yehuda (Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel)
H. Yukawa (Res. Inst. of Innovative Tech. for the Earth, Kyoto, Japan)
W. Zhang (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA)
H. Zhu (Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China)
T. Zhu (Univ. Washington Sch. of Med., Seattle, WA, USA)