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Contents
3(4): Pp. 285 - 295
Motonari Adachi, Jinting Jiu and Seiji Isoda
[Open Access Plus] |
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Development of renewable energy resources in the near future is an urgent issue. One attractive strategy is the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); they are extremely promising, because they are made of low-cost materials and do not need elaborate apparatus to manufacture. Titania is the most promising material for the electrode of DSSCs, and then morphological control and carrier transport optimization are the key properties needed in titanium oxide materials for DSSCs. We review the formation procedures and characteristics of titanium oxide nanocrystalline products, which exhibit various morphological shapes in nanometer scale, i. e., nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires and nanosheets, and their arrays. We also present new findings in our laboratory on the formation of titania nanorods and network structures of single-crystal-like titania nanowires as well as their application for DSSCs. In order to evaluate the electrical properties of DSSCs with electrodes composed of various nanoscale titania materials, measurement procedures for electron transport processes in DSSCs are also reviewed, together with our results in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine various parameters concerning about electron transport.
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3(2): Pp. 177 - 181
Hua Chun Zeng
[Open Access Plus] |
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Fabrication of nanomaterials with hollow interiors is an important research area in nanoresearch, owing to their potential applications in photonic devices, drug delivery, material encapsulation, ionic intercalation, surface functionalization, nanocatalysts, membrane nanoreactors, and many other technologies. The common preparative methods for this new class of materials can be broadly divided into hard and soft template-assisted syntheses. In recent years, furthermore, the interest in template-free techniques for these materials has also increased, as the new processes involved in these techniques are relatively simple and less demanding, compared to the template-assisted processes. In this short review, we will introduce the application of a well-known physical phenomenon of crystal growth - Ostwald ripening - in the fabrication of hollow nanomaterials. It has been demonstrated that formation of the interior spaces of nanostructures depends on the aggregative states of the primary crystallites during the synthesis. With this new development, many inorganic nanomaterials with interior spaces can now be fabricated in solution media together with the materials synthesis. Different types of Ostwald ripening observed in this synthetic approach have been reviewed. In particular, various geometric structures and configurations prepared with these methods have been discussed. The prepared hollow materials also allow further compositional and structural modifications under the similar process conditions. Future directions in this research area are also discussed.
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