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Instructions for Authors
The Open Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Journal
is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research
articles, reviews, letters, guest edited single topic issues
and operative online videos in all surgical techniques and
advances of the heart, lungs, chest, and great vessels.
Manuscripts may be submitted directly to toctsj@benthamopen.org.
Each peer-reviewed article that is published in a Bentham
OPEN Journal is universally and freely accessible
via the Internet in an easily readable and printable
PDF format.
Online Manuscript Submission: An online submission
and tracking service via Internet facilitates a speedy
and cost-effective submission of manuscripts. The full manuscript
has to be submitted online via Bentham's Content
Management System (CMS) at http://www.bentham-editorial.org/
View
Submission Instructions
Alternatively, you may also submit your full manuscript by
e-mail to toctsj@benthamopen.org
Manuscripts must be submitted by one of the authors of the
manuscript, and should not be submitted by anyone on their
behalf. The principal/corresponding author will be required
to submit a Covering Letter along with the manuscript, on
behalf of all the co-authors (if any). The author(s) will
confirm that the manuscript (or any part of it) has not been
published previously or is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere. Furthermore, any illustration, structure or table
that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright
permission for reproduction must be obtained.
For all online submissions, please provide soft copies of
all the materials (main text in MS Word or Tex/LaTeX), figures
/ illustrations in TIFF, PDF or JPEG, and chemical structures
drawn in ChemDraw (CDX) / ISISDraw (TGF) as separate files,
while a PDF version of the entire manuscript must also be
included, embedded with all the figures / illustrations /
tables / chemical structures etc. It is advisable that the
document files related to a manuscript submission should always
have the name of the corresponding author as part of the file
name, i.e., "Cilli MS text.doc", "Cilli MS Figure
1", etc.
A successful electronic submission of a manuscript will be
followed by a system-generated acknowledgement to the principal/corresponding
author within 72 hours of the dispatch of
the manuscript. Any questions with regards to the preparation
of and submission of your manuscript to the journal should
be addressed to toctsj@benthamopen.org
and copied to
managingeditor@benthamopen.org
NOTE: Any queries therein
should be addressed to oa@benthamscience.org
and copied to
Jalil@benthamscience.org
Manuscript Preparation: The manuscript should
be written in English in a clear, direct and active style.
All pages must be numbered sequentially, facilitating in the
reviewing and editing of the manuscript.
For further convenience, the customer support team available
at Bentham Publishing Services (www.benthampublishingservices.com)
can provide assistance to authors for the preparation of manuscripts.
Manuscript Length:
Research Articles: The minimum
total page length for Research articles is ten journal pages,
and the maximum thirty pages. Each journal page is on average
900 words.
Review Articles: The maximum
page length limit for comprehensive Review articles is forty
pages. For Mini-Review articles, the maximum page length is
nine journal pages. Each journal page is on average 900 words.
Letters: The maximum total page length for
Letter type articles published in the journal is nine journal
pages. Each journal page is on average 900 words.
There is no restriction on the number of figures, tables or
additional files e.g. video clips, animation and
datasets, that can be included with each article online. Authors
should include all relevant supporting data with each article.
Manuscripts Published: The journal accepts research
articles, reviews, letters, guest edited single topic issues
written in English. Supplements, proceedings of conferences
and book reviews may also be considered for publication.
Supplements/Single Topic Issues: The journal
also considers Supplements/Single topic issues for publication.
A Supplement/Single topic issue will be a collection of review
articles (minimum of 6, maximum of 20 articles) based on a
contemporary theme or topic of great importance to the field.
Mini-supplements consisting of between 3 to 5 articles are
also welcome. The Guest Editors' main editorial task is to
invite the contributors to the Supplement and to manage the
peer review of submitted manuscripts. A short summary or proposal
for editing a supplement should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief
at e-mail to toctsj@benthamopen.org
with a copy to specialissue@benthamopen.org
Conference Proceedings: For proposals
to publish conference proceedings in this journal, please
contact us at email: proceedings@benthamscience.org
Open Access Book Reviews: This journal publishes
open access reviews on recently published books (both print
and electronic) relevant to the journal. Publishers and authors
of books are invited to contact our book reviews editor at
toctsj@benthamopen.org
with book review requests. All submitted books will be reviewed
by an independent expert in the field.
MANUSCRIPT SECTIONS FOR PAPERS: Manuscripts
for research articles and letters submitted to the respective
journals should be divided into the following sections; however,
there can be an extension in the number of sections in review
articles in accordance with the requirements of the topic.
Covering letter
Title
Title Page
Abstract
Keywords
Text organization
List of abbreviations (if any)
Conflict of interest (if any)
Acknowledgements (if any)
References
Appendices
Figures/illustrations (if any)
Chemical structures (if any)
Tables (if any)
Symbols and Units
Supportive/supplementary material (if any)
COVERING LETTER: It is a mandatory requirement that
a signed covering letter also be submitted along with the
manuscript by the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed,
delineating the scope of the submitted article declaring the
potential competing interests, acknowledging contributions
from authors and funding agencies, and certifying that the
paper is prepared according to the 'Instructions
for Authors'. All inconsistencies in the text
and in the reference section, and any typographical errors
must be carefully checked and corrected before the submission
of the manuscript. The article contains no such material or
information that may be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated,
plagiarized, or which would, if published, in any way whatsoever,
violate the terms and conditions as laid down in the agreement.
The authors acknowledge that the publishers have the legal
right to take appropriate action against the authors for any
such violation of the terms and conditions as laid down in
the agreement. Download
the Covering letter
TITLE: The title should be prsecise and brief and
must not be more than 120 characters. Authors should avoid
the use of non-standard abbreviations. The title must be written
in title case except for articles, conjunctions and prepositions.
Authors should also provide a short ‘running title’.
TITLE PAGE: Title page should include paper title,
author(s) full name and affiliation, corresponding author(s)
names complete affiliation/address, along with phone, fax
and email.
ABSTRACT: The abstract should not exceed 250 words
for review and research papers and should be limited to only
150 words for letters, summarizing the essential features
of the article. The use of abbreviations should be reduced
to a minimum and the references should not be cited in the
abstract.
KEYWORDS: Please provide 6-8 keywords in alphabetical
order.
TEXT ORGANIZATION: The main text should begin on
a separate page and should be divided into separate sections.
For Research articles, the preparation of the main text must
be structured into separate sections as Introduction,
Materials and Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion
and References. For Review and Letter articles, the
manuscript should be divided into title page, abstract and
the main text. The text may be subdivided further according
to the areas to be discussed, which should be followed by
the Acknowledgement (if any) and Reference sections. The review
article should mention any previous important reviews in the
field and contain a comprehensive discussion starting with
the general background of the field. It should then go on
to discuss the salient features of recent developments. The
authors should avoid presenting material which has already
been published in a previous review.
Trial Registration. If your research article
reports the results of a controlled health care intervention,
list your trial registry, along with the unique identifying
number, e.g. Trial registration:
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73824458. Note that there
should be no space between the letters and numbers of your
trial registration number. For this purpose, a clinical trial
is any study that prospectively assigns human subjects to
intervention or comparison groups to evaluate the cause-and-effect
relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome.
All clinical trials, regardless of when they were completed,
and secondary analyses of original clinical trials must be
registered before submission of a manuscript based on the
trial. Studies designed for other purposes, such as to study
pharmacokinetics or major toxicity (e.g., phase 1
trials), are exempt. Trial registry name, registration identification
number, and the URL for the registry should be included at
the end of abstract and also in the space provided on the
online manuscript submission form. If your research article
reports the results of a controlled health care intervention,
list your trial registry, along with the unique identifying
number. Note that there should be no space between the letters
and numbers of your trial registration number.
Authors will submit the Trial Protocols along
with their manuscript. The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards
of Reporting Trials)Checklist
and Flowchart is also required when
submitting the results of randomized control trials (RCTs).
The authors are advised to present and discuss their observations
in brief. The manuscript style must be uniform throughout
the text and 10 pt Times New Roman fonts should be used. The
full term for an abbreviation should precede its first appearance
in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. The
reference numbers should be given in square brackets in the
text. Italics should be used for Binomial names of organisms
(Genus and Species), for emphasis and for unfamiliar words
or phrases. Non-assimilated words from Latin or other languages
should also be italicized e.g. in vivo, in vitro,
per se, et al. etc.
Ethical Approval of Studies and Informed Consent:
For human or animal experimental investigations, it is a prerequisite
to provide a formal review and approval, or review and waiver,
by an appropriate institutional review board or ethics committee
and should be documented in your paper. For investigations
undertaken on human subjects, state in the Methods section
the manner in which the informed consent was obtained from
the study participants (i.e, oral or written), where
there is an unavoidable risk of breach of privacy e.g.,
in a clinical photograph or in case details the patient’s
written consent or that of the next of kin, to publication
must be obtained. We will ask you to send a signed consent
form before publication. Consent must be obtained for all
Case Reports and Clinical Pictures.
Greek Symbols and Special Characters: Greek
symbols and special characters often undergo formatting changes
and get corrupted or lost during preparation of manuscript
for publication. To ensure that all special characters used
are embedded in the text, these special characters should
be inserted as a symbol but should not be a result of any
format styling (Symbol font face) otherwise they
will be lost during conversion to PDF/XML.
Authors are encouraged to consult reporting guidelines. These
guidelines provide a set of recommendations comprising a list
of items relevant to their specific research design. All kinds
of measurements should be reported only in International System
of Units (SI). Chemical equations, chemical names, mathematical
usage, unit of measurements, chemical and physical quantity
& units must conform to SI and Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: If abbreviations are used
in the text either they should be defined in the text where
first used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Financial contributions to
the work being reported should be clearly acknowledged, as
should any potential conflict of interest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Please acknowledge anyone (individual/company/institution)
who has contributed to the study by making substantial contributions
to conception, design, acquisition of data, or analysis and
interpretation of data, or who was involved in drafting the
manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual
content. Please list the source(s) of funding for the study,
for each author, and for the manuscript preparation in the
acknowledgements section.
This journal complies with the International Committee of
Medical Journal Editors' Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
Submitted to Biomedical Journals http://www.icmje.org
and the FDA's Good Reprint Practices for the Distribution
of Medical Journal Articles and Medical or Scientific Reference
Publications on Unapproved New Uses of Approved Drugs and
Approved or Cleared Medical Devices http://www.fda.gov/oc/op/goodreprint.html
REFERENCES: References must be listed in the numerical
system (Vancouver). All references should be numbered sequentially
[in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical
order in the reference section. The reference numbers must
be finalized and the bibliography must be fully formatted
before submission.
See below few examples of references listed in the correct
Vancouver style:
Typical Paper Reference:
[1] Boehm M, Nabel EG. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-a new cardiac regulator. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1795-7.
[2] SoRelle R. Long reach of the N-terminal of B-type natriuretic peptide. Circulation 2002; 106: 9059-63.
Typical Chapter Reference:
[3] Stevenson WG, Friedman PL. In: Hennekens CH, Ed. Clinical trials in cardiovascular disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 1999; pp. 217-30.
Book Reference:
[4] Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby 2004.
Edited Book:
[5] Brown AM, Stubbs DW, Eds. Medical physiology. New York : Wiley 1983.
Conference Proceedings:
[6] Harris AH, Ed. Economics and health. In: Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference of Health Economists; 1997 Sep 13-14; Sydney, Australia. Kensington, N.S.W.: School of Health Services Management, University of New South Wales; 1998.
Journal Article on the Internet:
[7] Aylin P, Bottle A, Jarman B, Elliott, P. Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002. BMJ [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Oct 9; [cited 2004 October 15]; 329: [about 10 screens]. Available from: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/329/7470/825
Patent:
[8] Kimura K, Lipeles A. Fuzzy controller component. U. S. Patent 14,860,040, December 14, 1996.
E-citations:
[9] Citations for articles/material published exclusively
online or in open access (free-to-view) , must contain the
exact Web addresses (URLs) at the end of the reference(s),
except those posted on an author’s Web site unless editorially
essential, e.g. ‘Reference: Available from:
URL’.
Some important points to remember:
*All references must be complete and accurate.
*If the number of authors exceeds six then et al.
will be used after three names (the term “et al
” should be in italics).
*Online citations should include the date of access.
*Journal abbreviations should follow the Index Medicus/MEDLINE.
*Take special care of the punctuation convention as described
in the above-mentioned examples.
*Avoid using superscript in the in-text citations and reference
section.
*Abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications (which
can only be included if prior permission has been obtained)
should not be given in the reference section but they may
be mentioned in the text and details provided as footnotes.
*The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote
(version 5 and above) or Reference Manager (version 10) when
formatting their reference list, as this allows references
to be automatically extracted.
Appendices: In case there is a need to present
lengthy, but essential methodological details, use Appendices,
which can be a part of the article. An appendix must not exceed
three pages (Times New Roman, 12 point fonts, 900 max. words
per page).The information should be provided in a condensed
form, ruling out the need of full sentences. A single appendix
should be titled APPENDIX, while more than one can be titled
APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, and so on.
FIGURES/ILLUSTRATIONS: The authors should provide
the illustrations as separate files, as well as embedded in
the text file, numbered consecutively in the order of their
appearance. Each figure should include a single illustration.
No charges will be levied on the use of color figures except
in the reprints. Each figure should be closely cropped to
minimize the amount of white space surrounding the illustration.
If a figure consists of separate parts, it is important that
a single composite illustration file be submitted, containing
all parts of the figure.
Photographs should be provided with a scale bar if appropriate,
as well as high-resolution component files.
Scaling/Resolution:
For Line Art image type, which is generally an image based
on lines and text and does not contain tonal or shaded areas,
the preferred file format is TIFF or EPS, with colour mode
being Monochrome 1-bit or RGB, in a resolution of 900-1200
dpi.
For Halftone image type, which is generally a continuous tone
photograph and contains no text, the preferred file format
is TIFF, with colour mode being or RGB or Grayscale, with
a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
For Combination image type, which is generally an image containing
halftone in addition to text or line art elements, the preferred
file format is TIFF, with colour mode being or RGB or Grayscale,
in a resolution of 500-900 dpi.
Formats:
For illustrations, the following file formats are acceptable:
• Illustrator
• EPS (preferred format for diagrams)
• PDF (also especially suitable for
diagrams)
• PNG (preferred format for photos
or images)
• Microsoft Word (version 5 and above;
figures must be a single page)
• PowerPoint (figures must be a single
page)
• TIFF
• JPEG (conversion should be done using
the original file)
• BMP
• CDX (ChemDraw)
• TGF (ISISDraw)
Bentham OPEN does not process figures
submitted in GIF format.
If the large size of TIFF or EPS figures acts as an obstacle
to online submission, authors may find that conversion to
JPEG format before submission results in significantly reduced
file size and upload time, while retaining acceptable quality.
JPEG is a ‘lossy’ format, however in order to
maintain acceptable image quality, it is recommended that
JPEG files are saved at High or Maximum quality.
Files should not be compressed with tools such as Zipit or
Stuffit prior to submission as these tools will in any case
produce negligible file-size savings for JPEGs and TIFFs,
which are already compressed.
Please do not:
1. Supply embedded graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet,
presentation) document.
2. Supply files that are optimized for screen use (like GIF,
BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
3. Supply files that are too low in resolution.
4. Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the
content.
Image Conversion Tools:
There are many software packages, many of them freeware or
shareware, capable of converting to and from different graphics
formats, including PNG.
Good general tools for image conversion include GraphicConverter
on the Macintosh, PaintShop Pro, for Windows, and ImageMagick,
which is available on Macintosh, Windows and UNIX platforms.
Note that bitmap images (e.g. screenshots) should
not be converted to EPS, since this will result in a much
larger file size than the equivalent JPEG, TIFF, PNG or BMP,
with no increase in quality. EPS should only be used for images
produced by vector-drawing applications such as Adobe Illustrator
or CorelDraw. Most vector-drawing applications can be saved
in, or exported as, EPS format. In case the images have been
originally prepared in an Office application, such as Word
or PowerPoint, then the original Office files should be directly
uploaded to the site, instead of being converted to JPEG or
another format that may be of low quality.
Chemical Structures: Chemical structures must be
prepared according to the guidelines below.
Structures should be prepared in ChemDraw and provided as
separate file, submitted both on disk and in printed formats.
Structure Drawing Preferences:
[As according to the ACS style sheet]
Drawing Settings:
Chain angle 120°
Bond spacing 18% of width
Fixed length 14.4 pt (0.500cm,
0.2in)
Bold width 2.0
pt (0.071cm, 0.0278in)
Line width
0.6 pt (0.021cm, 0.0084in)
Margin width 1.6 pt (0.096cm)
Hash spacing 2.5 pt (0.088cm, 0.0347in)
Text settings:
Font Times
New Roman
Size 8
pt
Under the Preference Choose:
Units points
Tolerances 3
pixels
Under Page Setup Use:
Paper US
letter
Scale 100%
TABLES:
*Data Tables should be submitted in Microsoft Word table format.
*Each table should include a title/caption being explanatory
in itself with respect to the details discussed in the table.
Detailed legends may then follow.
*Table number in bold font i.e. Table 1,
should follow a title. The title should be in small case with
the first letter in caps. A full stop should be placed at
the end of the title.
*Tables should be embedded in the text exactly according to
their appropriate placement in the submitted manuscript.
*Columns and rows of data should be made visibly distinct
by ensuring that the borders of each cell are displayed as
black lines.
*Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially
in order of their citation in the body of the text.
*If a reference is cited in both the table and text, please
insert a lettered footnote in the table to refer to the numbered
reference in the text.
*Tabular data provided as additional files can be submitted
as an Excel spreadsheet.
SUPPORTIVE/SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL:
We do encourage to append supportive material, for example
a PowerPoint file containing a talk about the study, a PowerPoint
file containing additional screenshots, a Word, RTF, or PDF
document showing the original instrument(s) used, a video,
or the original data (SAS/SPSS files, Excel files, Access
Db files etc.) provided it is inevitable or endorsed by the
journal's Editor.
Supportive/Supplementary material intended for publication
must be numbered and referred to in the manuscript but should
not be a part of the submitted paper. In-text citations as
well as a section with the heading "Supportive/Supplementary
Material" before the "References" section should
be provided. Here, list all Supportive/Supplementary Material
and include a brief caption line for each file describing
its contents.
Any additional files will be linked into the final published
article in the form supplied by the author, but will not be
displayed within the paper. They will be made available in
exactly the same form as originally provided only on our Web
site. Please also make sure that each additional file is a
single table, figure or movie (please do not upload linked
worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet). Supportive/Supplementary
material must be provided in a single zipped file not larger
than 4 MB.
Authors must clearly indicate if these files are not for publication
but meant for the reviewers'/editors' perusal only.
Digital Video:
Digital videos are acceptable with all manuscript submissions
for online viewing purposes. Videos should be no more than
5 minutes in length and in the following formats: VHS, MiniDV,
.mpeg, .avi, .mov and .wmv. Inclusion of these videos is at
the discretion of the Editor. Videos should be sent directly
to the Editorial Office.
PERMISSION FOR REPRODUCTION: Published/reproduced
material should not be included unless you have obtained written
permission from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded
to the Editorial Office in case of acceptance of your article
for publication.
For obtaining permission for reproducing any material published
in an article by Bentham Science Publishers, please fill in
the request FORM
and send to toctsj@benthamopen.org
for consideration.
AUTHORS AND INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS: The
author will be required to provide their full names, the institutional
affiliations and the location, with an asterisk in front of
the name of the principal/corresponding author. The corresponding
author(s) should be designated and their complete address,
business telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address must
be stated to receive correspondence and galley proofs.
REVIEWING AND PROMPTNESS OF PUBLICATION: All manuscripts
submitted for publication will be immediately subjected to
peer-reviewing, usually in consultation with the members of
the Editorial Advisory Board and a number of external referees.
Authors may, however, provide in their Covering Letter the
contact details (including e-mail addresses) of four potential
peer reviewers for their paper. Any peer reviewers suggested
should not have recently published with any of the authors
of the submitted manuscript and should not be members of the
same research institution.
All peer-reviewing will be conducted via the Internet
to facilitate rapid reviewing of the submitted manuscripts.
Every possible effort will be made to assess the manuscripts
quickly with the decision being conveyed to the authors in
due course. Papers which are delayed by authors in revision
for more than 30 days will have to be re-submitted as a new
submission.
LANGUAGE AND EDITING: Manuscripts submitted containing
many English typographical errors will not be published. Manuscripts
which are accepted for publication on condition that the written
English submitted is corrected, will be sent a quote by Eureka
Science, a professional language editing company. Authors
from non-English language countries who have poor English
language written skills, are advised to contact the language
editing company prior to submitting their manuscript to the
journal. Please contact Eureka
Science for a language editing quote at e-mail: info@eureka-science.com
stating the total number of words of the article to be edited.
언어 및 편집: 영문 오타가 많은 원고는 출판되지 않을 것입니다. 영문 오타를 없애겠다는 조건으로 받은 원고는 영어 편집 전문회사인 유럽 공동 기술개발 기구로부터 가격 견적서가 보내 질 것입니다. 영어 작문에 어려움이 있는 비영어권 국가의 저자들은 원고를 학술지에 제출하기 전에 영어 편집회사와 접촉할 것을 권합니다. 영어 편집 견적서를 받기 위해서 교정될 원고의 단어수를 적은 메일을 유럽 공동 기술개발 기구 메일인 info@eureka-science.com로 보내시기 바랍니다.
语言和编辑: 含有很多英文印刷错误的提交稿将不予发表。接受发表的稿件其英文写作应是正确的；专业的语言编辑公司（尤里卡科学），可对稿件的英文润色提供报价。建议非英语国家、且英文写作欠佳的作者在投稿前先与语言编辑公司联系。请与尤里卡科学联系 info@eureka-science.com
EDITION ET LANGUE: Les manuscrits soumis avec plusieurs erreurs typographiques en Anglais ne seront pas publiés en l’état. Les manuscrits sont acceptés pour publication à la condition que l'anglais utilisé soit corrigé après la soumission et seront envoyés pour examen à Eureka Science, une société d'édition de langue professionnelle. Les auteurs en provenance de pays où la langue est différente de l'anglais et qui ont de médiocres compétences en anglais écrit, sont priés de contacter la société d'édition de langue avant de soumettre leur manuscrit à la revue. Merci de contacter Eureka Science à info@eureka-science.com pour un devis en indiquant le nombre total de mot de l’article à éditer.
PROOF CORRECTIONS: Authors are required to proofread
the PDF versions of their manuscripts before submission. To
avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately
for typographical errors and returned within 48 hours.
Major changes are not acceptable at the proof stage. If unable
to send corrections within 48 hours due to
some reason, the author(s) must at least send an acknowledgement
on receiving the galley proofs or the article will be published
exactly as received and the publishers will not be responsible
for any error occurring in the manuscript in this regard.
The corresponding author will be solely responsible for ensuring
that the revised version of the manuscript incorporating all
the submitted corrections receives the approval of all the
authors of the manuscript.
COPYRIGHT: Authors who publish in Bentham OPEN
Journals retain copyright to their work. Submission of a manuscript
to the respective journals implies that all authors have read
and agreed to the content of the Covering Letter or the Terms
and Conditions. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts
submitted to this journal have not been published and will
not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism
is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication
the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right
to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism
or fabricated information is discovered. Once submitted to
the journal, the author will not withdraw their manuscript
at any stage prior to publication.
Articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution non-commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)
which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution
and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is
properly cited.
Plagiarism Prevention: Bentham Science Publisher
uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping
and similar text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate software
checks content uploaded by a journal editorial office against
a database of periodicals, the Internet, and a comprehensive
article database. It generates a similarity report, including
the percentage overlap between the uploaded article and published
material. Any instances of content overlap are treated according
to a journal's peer review integrity statement and the policies
recommended by the editorial Committee. You are assured that
the publisher, where you are submitting your manuscript, is
committed to actively combating plagiarism and publishing
original research.
PUBLICATION FEES: The publication fee details
for each article published in the journal are given below:
Letters: The publication fee for each published
Letter article submitted is US $600.
Research Articles: The publication fee for
each published Research article is US $800.
Mini-Review Articles: The publication fee
for each published Mini-Review article is US $600.
Review Articles: The publication fee for
each published Review article is US $900.
Book Reviews: The open access fee for a published
book review is US $450.
Once the paper is accepted for publication, the author will
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