| Recent
Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences
ISSN: 1872-2156
Recent Patents on DNA
& Gene Sequences
Volume 3, Number 1, January 2009
Contents
The Use of Genomics and Proteomics for the Recognition of
Transplantation Rejection of Solid Organs Pp.
1-6
Ryan N. Fiorini, Ian B. Nicoud and
Jennifer H. Fiorini
[Abstract] [Full
text article]
[PMID:
19149732 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Studies on Nonsense Mediated Decay Reveal
Novel Therapeutic Options for Genetic Diseases Pp.
7-15
Murali D. Bashyam
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149733 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Patenting Drought Tolerance in Organisms
Pp. 16-25
Vishal S. Somvanshi
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149734 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Current Patents Related to Bacillus
thuringiensis Insecticidal Crystal Proteins Pp.
26-28
Changlong Shu and Jie Zhang
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149735 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Selective Gene Amplification for High-Throughput
Sequencing Pp. 29-38
Ting Ni, Han Wu, Shen Song, Mark Jelley
and Jun Zhu
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149736 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Dental Stem Cell Patents Pp.
39-43
Christian Morsczeck, Bernhard Frerich and
Oliver Driemel
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149737 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Recent Patents and Patent Applications
Relating to mTOR Pathway Pp. 44-52
Xiangyu Liu and Zhenyu Yue
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149738 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Current Patents and Future Development
Underlying Marker-assisted Breeding in Major Grain Crops
Pp. 53-62
Herry S. Utomo and Steve D. Linscombe
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149739 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Polymorphism of the Prion Protein in
Mammals: A Phylogenetic Approach Pp. 63-71
Renaud Martin, Paul-François Gallet,
Dominique Rocha and Daniel Petit
[Abstract] [Full
text article] [PMID:
19149740 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Patent Selections Pp. 72-76
[Full
text article]
Abstracts
[Back to top]
[PMID:
19149732 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The Use of Genomics and Proteomics for the Recognition
of Transplantation Rejection of Solid Organs
Ryan N. Fiorini, Ian B. Nicoud and
Jennifer H. Fiorini
[Full
text article]
Solid organ transplantation has saved many lives since
its first success in 1954. Prior to that landmark day, the
greatest obstacle to transplantation success was the recipients
rejection of the transplanted organ. Although much has been
learned about the immune response to transplant, organ rejection
remains a prevalent clinical problem. Recent advances in the
fields of genomics and proteomics have opened the door to
patented new technologies for detecting rejection episodes
in transplanted patients, and are even beginning to prospectively
diagnose the risk of rejection based on donor and recipient
biomarkers. This report briefly discusses transplant rejection,
with highlights of published manuscripts that incorporate
current assays utilizing genomic and or proteomic methods
to detect rejection, reviews patents that focus on detection
or therapy of transplant rejection, and concludes with a prospective
discussion of future developments in the field of transplant
rejection.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149733 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Studies on Nonsense Mediated Decay Reveal Novel Therapeutic
Options for Genetic Diseases
Murali D. Bashyam
[Full
text article]
Scientific breakthroughs have often led to commercially
viable patents mainly in the field of engineering. Commercialization
in the field of medicine has been restricted mostly to machinery
and engineering on the one hand and therapeutic drugs for
common chronic ailments such as cough, cold, headache, etc,
on the other. Sequencing of the human genome has attracted
the attention of pharmaceutical companies and now biotechnology
has become a goldmine for commercialization of products and
processes. Recent advances in our understanding of basic biological
processes have resulted in the opening of new avenues for
treatment of human genetic diseases, especially single gene
disorders. A significant proportion of human genetic disorders
have been shown to be caused due to degradation of transcripts
for specific genes through a process called nonsense mediated
decay (NMD). The modulation of NMD provides a viable therapeutic
option for treatment of several genetic disorders and therefore
has been a good prospect for patenting and commercialization.
In this review the molecular basis for NMD and attempts to
treat genetic diseases which result from NMD are discussed.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149734 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Patenting Drought Tolerance in Organisms
Vishal S. Somvanshi
[Full
text article]
Dehydration is a major form of osmotic stress in cells. Physiological
and molecular basis of dehydration stress responses in cells
and organisms has been intensively researched over past years.
Almost all of the patented dehydration stress tolerance genes
from different organisms were used in engineering drought
tolerance in crop plants. In spite of the moral, religious
and ethical controversies surrounding use of foreign DNA sequences
in crop plants, the numbers of such patents has grown tremendously
in recent years. In future, we might witness another rise
in patents on use of dehydration stress related gene sequences
in creating environmental stress tolerant biological control
agents for plant disease and insect pest management in agriculture.
This review summarizes some of the recent published patents
related to drought tolerance genes and their use.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149735 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Current Patents Related to Bacillus thuringiensis
Insecticidal Crystal Proteins
Changlong Shu and Jie Zhang
[Full
text article]
This work categorizes a number of patents related to
Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins.
The patents are classified into groups according to the type
of toxins appearing in the claims. The purpose of the summary
is to promote the application of B. thuringiensis insecticidal
crystal proteins and the development of patentable technologies.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149736 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Selective Gene Amplification for High-Throughput Sequencing
Ting Ni, Han Wu, Shen Song, Mark Jelley
and Jun Zhu
[Full
text article]
With tremendous progress in next generation sequencing
technologies, it has become possible to perform genomic sequencing
in a highly cost-effective manner. However, the human genome
remains too complex to be routinely re-sequenced. Thus, selective
gene amplification is often employed to target a subset of
genomic regions (such as a set of disease-related genes) for
deep sequencing analysis. Herein, we briefly review patents
that can enrich target genomic regions of interest to harness
the power of NextGen sequencing technology for basic and translational
biomedical research.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149737 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Dental Stem Cell Patents
Christian Morsczeck, Bernhard Frerich and
Oliver Driemel
[Full
text article]
A complex human tissue harbors stem cells that are responsible
for its maintenance or repair. These stem cells have been
isolated also from dental tissues such as the periodontal
ligament, dental papilla or dental follicle and they may offer
novel applications in dentistry. This following review summarizes
patents about dental stem cells for dental tissue engineering
and considers their value for regenerative dentistry.
[Back to top]
[PMID: 19149738 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Recent Patents and Patent Applications Relating to mTOR Pathway
Xiangyu Liu and Zhenyu Yue
[Full
text article]
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important
role in cell growth. Dysfunction of mTOR has been linked to
many human diseases, such as cancers, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular
diseases and neurological disorders. Currently, the mTOR inhibitor
rapamycin and its analogs have been vigorously evaluated and
developed as anticancer drugs. Here, we will review the most
recent patents and patent applications relating to mTOR pathway.
Moreover, we will discuss the patents and patent applications
on the treatment of mTOR-associated metabolic diseases and
cancers.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149739 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Current Patents and Future Development Underlying Marker-assisted
Breeding in Major Grain Crops
Herry S. Utomo and Steve D. Linscombe
[Full
text article]
Genomics and molecular markers provide new tools to assemble
and mobilize important traits from different genetic backgrounds,
including breeding lines and cultivars from different parts
of the world and their related wild ancestors, to improve
the quality and yield of the existing commercial cultivars
to meet the increasing challenges of global food demand. The
basic techniques of marker-assisted breeding, such as isolating
DNA, amplifying DNA of interest using publicly available primers,
and visualizing DNA fragments using standard polyacrylamid
gel, have been described in the literature and, therefore,
are available to scientists and breeders without any restrictions.
A more sophisticated high-throughput system that includes
proprietary chemicals and reagents, parts and equipments,
software, and methods or processes, has been a subject of
intensive patents and trade secrets. The high-throughput systems
offer a more efficient way to discover associated QTLs for
traits of economic importance. Therefore, an increasing number
of patents of highly valued genes and QTLs is expected. This
paper will discuss and review current patents associated with
genes and QTLs utilized in marker-assisted breeding in major
grain crops. The availability of molecular markers for important
agronomic traits combined with more efficient marker detection
systems will help reach the full benefit of MAS in the breeding
effort to reassemble potential genes and recapture critical
genes among the breeding lines that were lost during domestication
to help boost crop production worldwide.
[Back to top] [PMID:
19149740 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Polymorphism of the Prion Protein in Mammals: A Phylogenetic
Approach
Renaud Martin, Paul-François Gallet,
Dominique Rocha and Daniel Petit
[Full
text article]
PrP, the principal factor modulating resistance/susceptibility
to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is a well conserved
protein bearing strong phylogenetic information, in spite
of its relatively short sequence. The construction of the
PrP tree allows inferring the probable ancestral sequence
for Bovidae where variants were recorded. This ancestral PrP
sequence is constituted by a series of 5 octa-repeats, 3 α-helices
and 2 β-strands
which combines together to form an antiparallel β-sheet.
The appearance of a 6th octa-repeat
in the Bovinae ancestor during the evolution of Cetartiodactyla
is discussed. Additionally, the variation of the substitution
rates of amino acids along the sequence revealed that the
sites associated to resistance/susceptibility to TSE are mostly
located in conservative regions, including α-helices
and β-strands.
The composition of most variants very sensitive to TSE in
sheep and human corresponds to derived sequences compared
to the Eutherian ancestor. However, a homozygous resistant
variant in sheep differs from the ancestral state.
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