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Current
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
ISSN: 1389-2010
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Volume 10, Number 8, December 2009
Contents
Ganoderma lucidum: A Potent Pharmacological
Macrofungus Pp. 717-742
Bhagwan S. Sanodiya, Gulab S. Thakur, Rakesh K. Baghel, G.B.K.S.
Prasad and P.S. Bisen
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939212 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Action of Wikstroemia
indica (L.) C. A. Mey and Its Clinical Application Pp.
743-752
Yan-Min Li, Liang Zhu, Jian-Guo Jiang, Li Yang and
Ding-Yong Wang
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939213 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The Hydroxyl-Functionalized Magnetic Particles for
Purification of Glycan-Binding Proteins Pp. 753-760
Xiuxuan Sun, Ganglong Yang, Shisheng Sun, Rui
Quan, Weiwei Daia, Bin Li, Chao Chen and Zheng Li
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939214 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effects of Arginine on Photostability and Thermal
Stability of IgG1 Monoclonal Antibodies Pp. 761-766
Haripada Maity, Courtney O’Dell, Arvind
Srivastava and Joel Goldstein
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939215 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
HPV Viral Activity by mRNA-HPV Molecular Analysis to Screen
the Transforming Infections in Precancer Cervical Lesions
Pp. 767-771
Andrea Tinelli, Giuseppe Leo, Maurizio Pisanò,
Fabio Storelli, Sara Leo, Daniele Vergara and Antonio
Malvasi
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19912106 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Global Vision about the Biological Medicinal Products:
Biosimilars (April, 2009) Pp. 772-774
Leyre Zuñiga and Begoña
Calvo
[Abstract] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939216 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Abstracts
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939212 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ganoderma lucidum: A Potent Pharmacological
Macrofungus
Bhagwan S. Sanodiya, Gulab S. Thakur, Rakesh K. Baghel, G.B.K.S.
Prasad and P.S. Bisen
Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) is a basidiomycete
white rot macrofungus which has been used extensively as "the
mushroom of immortality" in China, Japan, Korea and other
Asian countries for 2000 years. A great deal of work has been
carried out on therapeutic potential of Ganoderma lucidum.
The basidiocarp, mycelia and spores of Ganoderma lucidum
contain approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, which
mainly include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleotides,
sterols, steroids, fatty acids, proteins/peptides and trace
elements which has been reported to have a number of pharmacological
effects including immunomodulation, anti-atherosclerotic,
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemo-preventive, antitumor,
chemo and radio protective, sleep promoting, antibacterial,
antiviral (including anti-HIV), hypolipidemic, anti-fibrotic,
hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-androgenic, anti-angiogenic,
anti-herpetic, antioxidative and radical-scavenging, anti-aging,
hypoglycemic, estrogenic activity and anti-ulcer properties.
Ganoderma lucidum has now become recognized as an alternative
adjuvant in the treatment of leukemia, carcinoma, hepatitis
and diabetes. The macro-fungus is very rare in nature rather
not sufficient for commercial exploitation for vital therapeutic
emergencies, therefore, the cultivation on solid substrates,
stationary liquid medium or by submerged cultivation has become
an essential aspect to meet the driving force towards the
increasing demands in the international market. Present review
focuses on the pharmacological aspects, cultivation methods
and bioactive metabolites playing a significant role in various
therapeutic applications.
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939213 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Action of
Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey and Its Clinical
Application
Yan-Min Li, Liang Zhu, Jian-Guo Jiang, Li Yang and
Ding-Yong Wang
Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey. is a member of
family Thymelaeaceae and mainly distributes in middle and
southeast part of China. As a traditional Chinese herb, this
plant has long been employed as antipyretics, detoxicants,
expectorants, vermifuges as well as aborticides in clinic
practice. However, its use has mainly been based on empirical
findings during hundreds and thousands of years. Recent studies
indicated that W. indica contains abundant bioactive
components including flavonoids, biflavonoids, coumarins,
lignans, volatile oils, polysaccharides etc. This paper provides
a comprehensive review of pharmacological relevant compounds
of W. indica that have been characterized to date,
and introduces the research progresses supporting its pharmacological
action and clinical application. Particular attention has
been given to antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory,
anti-tumor and antifertility effects. Some examples of clinical
applications of prepared W. indica in treatment of
various diseases are outlined. Finally, the trend and necessity
of future research, such as quantification of individual constituents
extracted from W. indica and the assessment of their
pharmacological activities in human body are proposed.
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939214 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The Hydroxyl-Functionalized Magnetic Particles for
Purification of Glycan-Binding Proteins
Xiuxuan Sun, Ganglong Yang, Shisheng Sun, Rui
Quan, Weiwei Daia, Bin Li, Chao Chen and Zheng Li
Glycan-protein interactions play important biological roles
in biological processes. Although there are some methods such
as glycan arrays that may elucidate recognition events between
carbohydrates and protein as well as screen the important
glycan-binding proteins, there is a lack of simple effectively
separate method to purify them from complex samples. In proteomics
studies, fractionation of samples can help to reduce their
complexity and to enrich specific classes of proteins for
subsequent downstream analyses. Herein, a rapid simple method
for purification of glycan-binding proteins from proteomic
samples was developed using hydroxyl-coated magnetic particles
coupled with underivatized carbohydrate. Firstly, the epoxy-coated
magnetic particles were further hydroxyl functionalized with
4-hydroxybenzhydrazide, then the carbohydrates were efficiently
immobilized on hydroxyl functionalized surface of magnetic
particles by formation of glycosidic bond with the hemiacetal
group at the reducing end of the suitable carbohydrates via
condensation. All conditions of this method were optimized.
The magnetic particle-carbohydrate conjugates were used to
purify the glycan-binding proteins from human serum. The fractionated
glycan-binding protein population was displayed by SDS-PAGE.
The result showed that the amount of 1 mg magnetic particles
coupled with mannose in acetate buffer (pH 5.4) was 10 µmol.
The fractionated glycan-binding protein population in human
serum could be eluted from the magnetic particle-mannose conjugates
by 0.1% SDS. The methodology could work together with the
glycan microarrays for screening and purification of the important
GBPs from complex protein samples.
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939215 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effects of Arginine on Photostability and Thermal
Stability of IgG1 Monoclonal Antibodies
Haripada Maity, Courtney O’Dell, Arvind
Srivastava and Joel Goldstein
This study demonstrates that arginine is a highly effective
solvent additive which significantly reduces the light induced
aggregation of four IgG1 type monoclonal antibodies (named
as IMC-1A, IMC-1B, IMC-1C and IMC-1D) as measured by size
exclusion chromatography. All experiments were performed in
a phosphate buffer system containing either sodium chloride
or arginine hydrochloride. The protein samples were exposed
to light in a photo chamber according to ICH (International
Conference on Harmonization) guidelines. Thermal unfolding
transition temperature (Tm)
of IMC-1A as determined by differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC) was significantly decreased (~ 3.3°C)
in the presence of arginine hydrochloride as compared to in
sodium chloride. However, a noticeable increase in thermal
stability was observed for IMC-1B, IMC-1C and IMC-1D in the
presence of arginine hydrochloride. The photostability of
all these molecules was significantly enhanced by arginine
hydrochloride and both a direct and inverse correlation
was observed between con-formational stability and photostability.
To our knowledge, this paper for the first time,
demonstrates that arginine hydrochloride considerably reduces
the light induced aggregation of monoclonal antibodies. Arginine
hydrochloride is also known to increase protein solubility
and its ability to extensively reduce light induced aggregation
makes it a potential solvent additive for the formulation
development of therapeutic proteins.
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19912106 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
HPV Viral Activity by mRNA-HPV Molecular Analysis
to Screen the Transforming Infections in Precancer Cervical
Lesions
Andrea Tinelli, Giuseppe Leo, Maurizio Pisanò,
Fabio Storelli, Sara Leo, Daniele Vergara and Antonio
Malvasi
Introduction: a current problem with the Human
papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection is to detect HPV presence
and activity in high risk women. Material and methods:
190 women at risk for HPV-infection underwent a Pap Test as
well as a cervico-vaginal mucus sample analysis. The genome
amplification of ORF L1 was by REAL-Time PCR by direct sequencing
in capillary elettrophoresis of amplified product in Real
Time (by ABI PRISM® 310
Genetic Analyzer, Applied Biosystem, USA), followed by HPV
genotyping using oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Degenerate
primers My09/11, with 450 bp product amplified were utilized
in Real Time and in Direct Sequencing. Furthermore, samples
were evaluated by mRNA-HPV test to detect the presence of
E6 and E7 transcripts. The results were compared with cytology.
Results: a total of 62 women were positive
for HPV infection (32.6%) and 19 of these had one or more
high-risk HPVs (30.6%); the concordance between the two assays
was 78.9%, with 21.1% of totally or partially discordant results.
Cytological results showed mRNA presence in 4 low grade and
2 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Conclusion:
the results suggest the potential of E6/E7 detection to target
the presence of a transforming HPV infection.
[Back to top] [Full
Text Article] [PMID:
19939216 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Global Vision about the Biological Medicinal Products:
Biosimilars (April, 2009)
Leyre Zuñiga and Begoña
Calvo
The prime difference between generics and biosimilars is that
while generics contain the exact active ingredient as in the
originator product, biosimilars are only “similar”
and not “identical” to the originator biological
medicine. This difference appears due to the nature of the
biopharmaceutical medicines which are extremely complex to
manufacture (it is not possible to make an exact copy of a
biotech medicine in the same way as a traditional chemical
molecule can be copied). In fact, it is widely accepted that
for biopharmaceuticals, the “process is the product”.
Minor changes during the manufacturing process can have critical
consequences in the patients.
The vast majority of the biopharmaceuticals on the market
are produced by genetic engineering using various recombinant
expression systems. Most of the recombinant proteins that
have been granted marketing approval to date are produced
either in E. Coli or in recombinant mammalian cell
lines.
Several approaches may be undertaken to determine biopharmaceuticals
potency. Bioassays represent the most relevant potency-determining
assay, as they directly assess the biological activity of
the product. These assays involve applying a known quantity
of the substance to be analyzed to a biological system which
responds to this applied stimulus. The response is measured
quantitatively, allowing an activity value to be assigned
to the substance being assayed.
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