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Current
Nanoscience
ISSN: 1573-4137
Current Nanoscience
Volume 6, Number 5, October 2010
Contents
Graphical
Abstracts Pp. i-vi
Editor’s
Choice
Curcumin Entrapped Into Lipid Nanosystems Inhibits Neuroblastoma
Cancer Cell Growth and Activates Hsp70 Protein Pp.
439-445
M.L. Bondì, E.F. Craparo, P. Picone, M. Di
Carlo, R. Di Gesù, G. Capuano and G. Giammona
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin-Conjugated
Ag2Se/Se Core/Shell Heterostructure
Nanoparticles at Room Temperature Pp. 446-451
Yi-fei Kong, Feng Gao, Rong He, Jun Chen, Xin Xu, Na Li and
Da-xiang Cui
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials and their Applications
Pp. 452-468
Shuyan Gao, Zhengdao Li and Hongjie Zhang
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Nano- and Biotechnological Approaches in Current and Future
Generation of Cardiovascular Stents Pp. 469-478
Arghya Paul, Sana Abbasi, Dominique Shum-Tim and
Satya Prakash
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Selective Synthesis of Rutile, Anatase, and Brookite Nanorods
by a Hydrothermal Route Pp. 479-482
Qixin Deng, Mingdeng Wei, Zhensheng Hong, Xiaokun
Ding, Lilong Jiang and Kemei Wei
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Soft Core-Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles with Magnetic Property
for Potential Guided Drug Delivery Pp. 483-491
Nurettin Sahiner and Pinar Ilgin
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
The Drift Response to a High-Electric-Field in Carbon Nanotubes
Pp. 492-495
Rachana Vidhi, Michael L. P. Tan, Tanuj Saxena, Abdul Manaf
Hashim and Vijay K. Arora
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Selective Processing, Structural Characterization,
and Photoluminescence Behaviors of Single Crystalline (Gd1-xEux)2O3
Nanorods and Nanotubes Pp. 496-504
Qi Zhu, Ji-Guang Li, Xiaodong Li and Xudong
Sun
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Physical Properties of ZnO: Al Nanorods
for Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application Pp. 505-511
Te-Hua Fang and Shao-Hui Kang
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Copper Nanofluids: Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity Pp.
512-519
Wei Jiang and Liqiu Wang
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Effect of Temperature on Electrical Conduction Behavior of
Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes
and Nanofibers Pp. 520-524
Lin-Xiang He and Sie-Chin Tjong
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Nano SnO2 Gas Sensors Pp.
525-538
Qi-Hui Wu, Jing Li and Shi-Gang Sun
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Controllable Additive-Free Solvothermal Synthesis of Cadmium
Sulfide Three Dimensional Assemblies Pp. 539-544
Jinfeng Wang, Yuming Guo, Lin Yang, Jie Zhang
and Dejun Chen
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Investigation of Parameters Affecting PAN Nanofiber Production
Using Electrical and Centrifugal Forces as a Novel Method
Pp. 545-552
F. Dabirian, S. A. Hosseini Ravandi and A. R.
Pishevar
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Remarkable Stability of Supercapacitor Material Synthesized
by Manganese Oxide Filled in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Pp. 553-559
Meisam Valizadeh Kiamahalleh, Suhairi Abd Sata, Surani
Buniran and Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein
[Abstract] [Purchase
Article]
Abstracts
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Curcumin Entrapped Into Lipid Nanosystems Inhibits Neuroblastoma
Cancer Cell Growth and Activates Hsp70 Protein
M.L. Bondì, E.F. Craparo, P. Picone, M. Di
Carlo, R. Di Gesù, G. Capuano and G. Giammona
Curcumin is a natural anti-cancer compound utilized
on a wide variety of human cancer cell lines and animal carcinogenesis
models. However, its clinical application has been limited
for its minimal systemic bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based
drug delivery approaches have the potential for rendering
hydrophobic molecules such as curcumin dispersible in aqueous
media, thus overtaking the limits of its poor solubility.
In this paper, we reported the preparation and chemical-physical
characterization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) containing
curcumin, based on Imwitor, Compritol or Precirol as lipid
matrix. By in vitro experiments, we have demonstrated
that these nano-systems are able to carry curcumin into LAN5
neuroblastoma cells and their effect on cell mortality is
higher than free curcumin. However, the best results were
obtained when the NLC-c system was utilized. Moreover, we
have demonstrated that curcumin activates Hsp70 protein and
that this effect is enhanced when the same dose of curcumin
is administered as drug-loaded NLC. The obtained results clearly
suggest that these nanoparticles are a potential curcumin
delivery systems and encourage, in future, for planning in
vivo studies towards cancer and other diseases that might
benefit from the curcumin effects.
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Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin-Conjugated
Ag2Se/Se Core/Shell Heterostructure
Nanoparticles at Room Temperature
Yi-fei Kong, Feng Gao, Rong He, Jun Chen, Xin
Xu, Na Li and Da-xiang Cui
Ag2Se/Se core/shell
heterostructure nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully
synthesized by using silver nitrate (AgNO3)
along with sodium selenosulfate (Na2SeSO3)
as Se source in the presence of bovine serum albumen (BSA)
as a foaming and stabilizing agent. The entire process was
carried out at ambient pressure in aqueous phase at room temperature
(RT). A possible mechanism to interpret the formation of the
core/shell nanostructure accompanied by selenium shells transforming
from amorphous Se (a-Se) into crystalline trigonal Se (t-Se)
was proposed based on flourier transformation infrared (FT-IR)
and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) analysis. The morphology
and chemical composition of these BSA-conjugated NPs have
been characterized with high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)
and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). In addition, the novel
heterostructure was unambiguously confirmed by elemental mapping
of an individual particle. The environmentally benign method
would be useful for preparing bio-modified heterostructure
nanomaterials at RT through the soft template effect of biomacromolecules.
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Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials and their Applications
Shuyan Gao, Zhengdao Li and Hongjie
Zhang
The field of nanotechnology spans the synthesis of
nanoscale matters, understanding/utilizing their exotic physicochemical
and optoelectronic properties, and organization of nanoscale
structures into predefined superstructures. Over the past
decade, researchers in various fields of chemistry have been
studying novel methods through which the morphology and the
dimensions of inorganic materials can be controlled at the
micro- or even the nano-scopic level. As far as the synthesis
of nanoparticles is concerned, there is an ever-growing need
to develop clean, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly
(“green chemistry”) synthetic procedures in the
pursuit of nanotechnology, especially for nanoproducts targeted
at bioapplications. Thus, during the last few years, “green”
has become a common term to designate those nanomaterials
with the aim of replacing nondegradable and toxic regents,
thereby reducing the environmental pollution. Biological processes
have recently been considered as possible methods for the
synthesis of nanoparticles, especially the development of
“green” synthetic approaches. The advantageous
features of the biomolecules’ applications in nanomaterials
green synthesis are that they possess the ability to guide
the oriented growth of organic or inorganic substances, and
are thermally and chemically stable, easy to obtain, cheap,
and, most importantly, environmentally friendly. Combined
with traditional chemical techniques, the biomolecules-assisted
synthesis method has proven promising in the generation of
a large variety of inorganic structures that are currently
unattainable through any other methods. Herein, we review
the biomolecules-assisted green synthesis of nanomaterials
in this context, which covers our recent interesting results
and mainly includes (1) nanomaterials obtained by biomolecules-assisted
green method, (2) growth mechanism, and (3) their properties.
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Nano- and Biotechnological Approaches in Current and Future
Generation of Cardiovascular Stents
Arghya Paul, Sana Abbasi, Dominique Shum-Tim
and Satya Prakash
Drug eluting stents (DESs) have considerably reduced
the occurrence of restenosis followed by balloon angioplasty.
But the recent concerns of late stent thrombosis have rekindled
an interest in developing an improved stent. A multidisciplinary
approach of nanotechnology and biotechnology is the next frontier
for this. This presents a comprehensive overview of the evolving
nanobiotechnological approaches for biomedical implants and
articulates the potential of these technologies to design
the next generation stent. A diverse range of nano-delivery
systems are being used to transport drugs, genes and oligonucleotides
from the stent surface to remodel the damaged local vascular
biology. In addition, the review encompasses the upcoming
technologies which include modulation of the stent surface
nano-topography by regulating the nanocoatings, use of nanotubes
to increase the biocompatibility and promote endothelial cell
proliferation, inhibit smooth muscle cell growth, and deliver
drugs.
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Selective Synthesis of Rutile, Anatase, and Brookite Nanorods
by a Hydrothermal Route
Qixin Deng, Mingdeng Wei, Zhensheng Hong, Xiaokun
Ding, Lilong Jiang and Kemei Wei
In this study, we first report the selective synthesis
of TiO2 nanorods of pure
rutile, anatase and brookite TiO2
by the hydrothermal treatment of precursor titanate nanosheets.
The synthesized TiO2 nanorods
exhibit highly crystalline structure with different phases
and morphologies. The experimental results indicate that morphologies
of products depended significantly on the pH values of the
reaction process. Following this, a possible model, dissolving-recrystallizing-growing,
was proposed for the formation of TiO2
nanorods with different phases.
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Soft Core-Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles with Magnetic Property
for Potential Guided Drug Delivery
Nurettin Sahiner, and Pinar Ilgin
Thermo, pH and magnetic field responsive core-shell
particles of poly(acrylonitrile-co-N-isopropylacrylamide (p(AN-c-NIPAM))
were synthesized by microemulsion polymerization. Fe3O4
nanomagnetic particles were encapsulated inside core-shell
polymeric particles during the polymerization and simultaneous
crosslinking reaction of AN and NIPAM using ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate
(APS) as initiator. To increase the hydrophilicity of the
particles, the hydrophobic core, which contains nitrile groups
were converted to the amidoxime group by amidoximation reaction
and the conversion, was confirmed by FT-IR and swelling experiments.
To demonstrate the usage of the synthesized particles as potential
guided drug delivery vehicles, a calcium channel blocker,
Verapamil, was used for in vitro drug release studies
from p(AN-c-NIPAM), amidoximated p(AN-c-NIPAM) and composite
p(AN-c-NIPAM) particle systems in phosphate buffer solution
(PBS) at two different temperatures, at room (~25°C) and
40°C (> LCST: Lower Critical Solution Temperature of
p(NIPAM)), respectively.
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The Drift Response to a High-Electric-Field in Carbon Nanotubes
Rachana Vidhi, Michael L. P. Tan, Tanuj Saxena, Abdul Manaf
Hashim and Vijay K. Arora
The carrier statistics in carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
with nonparabolic energy spectrum is studied in order to predict
the ultimate (intrinsic) drift velocity as a function of temperature,
concentration, and chirality. The extremely high mobilities
in CNTs do not necessarily lead to higher saturation velocity
that is limited to the intrinsic velocity calculated using
Arora’s formalism [V. K. Arora, Current Nanoscience
5, 227(2009)]. The ballistic
nature of the mobility when CNT length is smaller than the
scattering-limited mean free path is delineated. The results
are of enormous importance in extracting carrier transport
properties from a variety of experiments performed on CNTs.
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Selective Processing, Structural Characterization,
and Photoluminescence Behaviors of Single Crystalline (Gd1-xEux)2O3
Nanorods and Nanotubes
Qi Zhu, Ji-Guang Li, Xiaodong Li and Xudong Sun
This study presents a simple yet effective hydrothermal
route for selective generation of (Gd1-xEux)2O3
(x=0.03-0.13) red-phosphor nanorods and nanotubes. Detailed
characterizations of the products were achieved by combined
means of XRD, FT-IR, TGA/DSC, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, PL/PLE,
fluorescence decay analysis, and transient techniques. The
precursors are of hexagonal (Gd1-xEux)(OH)3,
whose morphology (nanotube or nanorod) is largely affected
by the final pH of the hydrothermal reaction. A minimum annealing
at 600 ºC is needed to crystallize solid-solution oxides
of desirable photoluminescence, while at 1000 ºC the
polycrystalline precursors mostly transform into single-crystalline
oxides. The two types of phosphors exhibit nearly identical
positions of the PLE/PL bands and similar asymmetry factors
of luminescence [I(5D0→7F2)/I(5D0→7F1)],
but the nanotubes show a significantly stronger red emission
at ~613 nm (~2.3 times that of the nanorods) upon UV excitation
into the charge transfer band at ~250 nm. The quenching concentration
of Eu3+ was found to be ~8
at% and the quenching mechanism is dominantly exchange interaction.
Luminescent properties of the nanorod and nanotube phosphors,
in terms of PL/PLE intensity, fluorescence lifetime and asymmetry
factor of luminescence, have been successfully correlated
to the phase evolution process, annealing temperature, Eu3+
content, and particle morphology.
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Physical Properties of ZnO: Al Nanorods
for Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Application
Te-Hua Fang and Shao-Hui Kang
In this paper, we explore the electromechanical,
optical, and luminescent properties of aluminum doped zinc
oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The design of aqueous solution growth
ZnO nanorods with an aluminum doped zinc oxide nanostructure
is discussed, and electrical, optoelectronic, and mechanical
properties of the obtained nanorods are described. The results
show that the dopant concentration affects nanorod growth
and thus the size of the ZnO: Al nanorods. The resistivity
decreases with increasing substrate temperature, and the dopant
concentration become a positive electricity transition to
negative electricity positively correlated. The piezoelectric
characteristics of a nanogenerator system fabricated with
the nanorods are also discussed.
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Copper Nanofluids: Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity
Wei Jiang and Liqiu Wang
A novel one-step chemical reduction method is developed
to fabricate nanofluids with very tiny spherical copper nanoparticles.
Their chemical and colloidal stability is studied by adjusting
their pH value with citric acid. Their thermal conductivity
is also measured by the transient hot-wire method. The particle
size can be varied from 6.4 nm to 2.9 nm by changing the surfactant
concentration. The thermal conductivity data show the existence
of a critical particle size below which the nanoparticles
cannot significantly enhance fluid conductivity due to the
particle conductivity reduction and the solid-liquid interfacial
thermal resistance increase as the particle size decreases.
By considering these two factors, we have also made some theoretical
analysis to find the possible critical particle size.
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Effect of Temperature on Electrical Conduction Behavior of
Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes
and Nanofibers
Lin-Xiang He and Sie-Chin Tjong
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites with multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), functionalized carbon nanotubes
(FMWNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) were fabricated via the solution
processing route. The effect of temperature on the electrical
conduction of PVDF-CNF, PVDF-MWNT, and PVDF-FMWNT nanocomposites
was studied. The results showed that the DC conductivity of
such nanocomposites at ambient temperature follows a percolation
scaling law behavior. And the conductivity of nanocomposites
tended to decrease with increasing temperature. Moreover,
the current-voltage responses of these nanocomposites near
the percolation threshold displayed nonlinear characteristics.
This nonlinear behavior became more pronounced as the temperature
was increased. The mechanism for nonlinearity of these nanocomposite
systems is discussed.
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Nano SnO2 Gas Sensors
Qi-Hui Wu, Jing Li and Shi-Gang Sun
Gas sensor technology has been developed remarkably in recent
years due to its wide applications in modern society. To meet
the demand of low-level detection, gas sensor is still required
to minimize the size in order to match the uses in micro-/nano-
devices. This article reviews the development of nano SnO2
gas sensors to H2, CO, NO2,
and ethanol gas/vapour. The emphasis has been put upon the
material preparations, sensing mechanisms and properties based
on different kinds of SnO2
nanostructures (e.g. nanoparticles, nanowires & nanofibers,
nanobelts & nanoribbons, and nanorods & nanocolumns).
It is demonstrated that very high sensitivity and selectivity
as well as fast response can be achieved when the n-type semiconductor
SnO2 is
in the form of nanostructures.
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Controllable Additive-Free Solvothermal Synthesis of Cadmium
Sulfide Three Dimensional Assemblies
Jinfeng Wang, Yuming Guo, Lin Yang, Jie Zhang
and Dejun Chen
The potential application of nano-/microcrystals-based
materials depends not just on the size, compositions and surface
chemistry of the crystals, but also on their special morphologies
and arrangements. Therefore, developing straightforward and
controllable methods for self-assembly of nanostructures in
1 dimension and higher dimensions has attracted considerable
attention. In this paper, cadmium sulfide 3 dimensional assemblies
of nano-/microcrystals with controllable morphologies and
arrangements were prepared through an efficient additive-free
solvothermal process. The morphologies and arrangements of
the 3 dimensional assemblies can be adjusted and controlled
conveniently through the adjustment of the preparation conditions,
such as the composition of the solvent, the ratio of reactants,
the cadmium sources, and the pH values of the experiments.
It presents a facile, efficient, and controllable method to
prepare 3 dimensional architectures of nano-/micro-crystals
with controlled morphologies and arrangements.
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Investigation of Parameters Affecting PAN Nanofiber Production
Using Electrical and Centrifugal Forces as a Novel Method
F. Dabirian, S. A. Hosseini Ravandi and A. R.
Pishevar
Electro-centrifuge spinning is a novel, innovative, high-performance,
and simple method to produce polymeric nanofibers based on
using electrical and centrifugal forces. In this paper, first
the electro-centrifuge method is presented and then an experiment
is conducted to explore the range of centrifugal speed for
the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer nanofibers
at different concentrations and voltages. Finally, the effect
of important parameters such as rotational speed of the apparatus,
concentration, and applied voltage on the flow rate of the
polymer solution is estimated analytically and compared with
experimental results.
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Remarkable Stability of Supercapacitor Material Synthesized
by Manganese Oxide Filled in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Meisam Valizadeh Kiamahalleh, Suhairi Abd Sata, Surani
Buniran and Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein
Improving the electrochemical stability of manganese oxide/multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MnO2/MWCNTs)
nanocomposites is of great importance to many electrochemical
supercapacitor applications. In this study, the electrochemical
properties of MnO2 filled
inside the cavity of MWCNTs were investigated for the first
time. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by means
of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction
patterns (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).
Electrochemical characterization has been performed using
cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charging/discharging
(CD) test. The TEM image, XRD analysis confirmed the high
structural stability and CD test complied the high electrochemical
stability of the prepared nanocomposite. Besides, MnO2/MWCNTs
nanocomposite supercapacitor showed superior cycling stability
in the potential range of 0–1.0V due to the filling
of the electroactive material inside the tubes and retained
96% of initial capacitance even over 200 cycles.
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