Table 1.        Applications of Alphavirus Vectors

Replication-deficient vectors
SFV
SIN
VEE


Liljeström and Garoff, 1991
Xiong et al., 1989
Davis et al., 1989

Non-cytopathogenic vectors
SFV
SIN


Lundstrom et al., 1999b
Agapov et al., 1998

Replication persistent vectors
SFV and SIN


Perri et al., 2000

Temperature-sensitive vectors
SFV
SIN


Lundstrom et al., 2001
Boorsma et al., 2000

Targeted vectors
SIN


Ohno et al., 1997

Layered DNA vectors
SFV
SIN


Berglund et al., 1996
Dubensky et al., 1996

Tumor vaccines
Naked RNA
DNA / particles


Ying et al., 1999
Colmenero et al., 1999

Production of retrovirus particles
SFV



Li and Garoff, 1996
Wahlfors et al, 1997

In vivo gene delivery
SFV
SIN


Lundstrom et al., 1999a
Altman-Hamandzic et al., 1997

Tumor cell lines
SFV


Hardy et al., 2000

Tumor models
SFV – mouse /
B16 melanoma
SFV – mouse / human lung carcinoma


Asselin-Paturel et al., 1999

Murphy et al., 2000

Packaging cell line
SIN and SFV


Polo et al., 1999

Split two-helper system
SFV


Smerdou and Liljeström, 1999